Download - Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions
![Page 1: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Cities: Centres of disaster or beacons of hope?
Our urban problems and our urban solutions
Ingo Leusbrock
![Page 2: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Content
The problems of cities
The chances of cities
Linear vs. circular metabolism
How to achieve a circular metabolism? The USE contribution:
●Framework, guidelines, decision support
●Integration and combination of technologies
![Page 3: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Cities and their resource demand
![Page 4: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Development of energy consumption in the last 200 years
www.iea.org
![Page 5: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Peak Oil
![Page 6: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Phosphorus is a finite resource
..
Cordell et al, (2009), Global Environmental Change
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 20700
20
40
60
80
100
Year
Available P resources (%)
2% growth
2.5% growth
3% growth
![Page 7: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Metals
Gordon et al. (2006). PNAS 103(5): 1209-1214
![Page 8: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Water scarcity
Gassert, F., M. Luck, M. Landis, P. Reig, and T. Shiao. 2013. “Aqueduct Global Maps 2.0.” Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at http://wri.org/publication/aqueduct-global-maps-20.
![Page 9: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Current “Waste Management”
![Page 10: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Predictions for 2025
1.8 billion people live in countries with an absolute water shortage (UN, 2007)
![Page 11: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Pollution
Aluminum wastewater spill in Hungary
Deepwater Horizon oil spill,Gulf of Mexico
![Page 12: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Air pollution
![Page 13: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Climate Change
Temperature and climate changes
●Hotter, colder, less rain, more rain...
More extreme weather events
Changes in composition of the oceans
Sea level rise
![Page 14: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Long-term prediction salination of coastal areas
Licht blauwe kuststroken: Regions with increased salination due
to sea level rise
Light blue areas
W A T E R N E X U S
![Page 15: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15W A T E R N E X U S
![Page 16: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16W A T E R N E X U S
![Page 17: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Population growth und urbanization
![Page 18: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Urbanization
![Page 19: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Regional differences
![Page 20: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Global level of urbanization
• 52 % in 2011
• 67 % in 2050
(United Nations, 2012) stashpocket.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/nairo
![Page 21: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
The consequences
© W
acke
rnag
el, M
athi
s
![Page 22: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Our footprintTo
n/p
ers
on -
year
~5000 years ~200 years
(Brunner and Rechberger, 2002)
![Page 23: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Current state of our urbanized world
![Page 24: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Cities: beacons of hope
![Page 25: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Cities: beacons of hope
Density = solutions and potential
Unused potential for supply, recovery and production
Unused potential in terms of ambitious people
●Self-sufficiency as motivation
Local technical / socio-technological solutions possible
●Balance between small scale / large scale and centralized / decentralized solutions
![Page 26: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Our vision of future cities
![Page 27: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Circular metabolism
Closed resource cycles
Self-sufficient
Sustainable
●Technical / Environmental
●Social
●Economical
Synergy between humans and ecosystems
![Page 28: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
How to achieve?
Frameworks, Guidelines, Decision Support tools
●Urban Harvest
●Cradle to Cradle (C2C)
Integration and combination of technologies
●Greenhouse Village
●Sneek I + II
●Malmo Western Harbour
![Page 29: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Urban Harvest
A framework to organize your ideas to improve water cycles
A tool to quantify and compare your different ideas for water cycles
A tool to quantify urban water flows in high temporal and spatial resolution
“You cannot manage what you do not know”
External Input
Multisource(e.g. rain)
Consumption
Cascading and reuse
Recycle and storage
Export of waste
Export of secondary resources (e.g. nutrients)
![Page 30: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Elements of Urban Harvest
External Input
Multisource(e.g. rain)
Consumption
Cascading and reuse
Recycle and storage
Export of waste
Export of secondary resources (e.g. nutrients)
Agudelo, C. M.; Mels, A. R.; Keesman, K. J.; Rijnaarts, H. H. M., The urban harvest approach as an aid for sustainable urban resource planning. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2012, 16, (6), 839-850.
![Page 31: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
The three steps of the Urban Harvest Approach (UHA)
I. minimizing water demand
● water saving measures
II. maximizing water re-use and minimizing outputs
● cascading and recycling of used water streams
III.multi-sourcing of alternative water sources
● Rain
● Brackish and salt water, atmospheric water
Baseline assessment as starting point
Agudelo, C. M.; Mels, A. R.; Keesman, K. J.; Rijnaarts, H. H. M., The urban harvest approach as an aid for sustainable urban resource planning. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2012, 16, (6), 839-850.
![Page 32: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Evaluation of the water cycle on city scale:Baseline
Agudelo, C. M., Dynamic water resource management for achieving self-sufficiency of cities of tomorrow. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 2012.
![Page 33: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Evaluation of the water cycle on city scale:after water saving measures
Agudelo, C. M., Dynamic water resource management for achieving self-sufficiency of cities of tomorrow. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 2012.
![Page 34: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Extension to energy cycles and temporal variations
Lieberg, Karla; Improving energy self-sufficiency in building blocksusing the Urban Harvest Approach, MSc thesis, 2014
![Page 35: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Cradle to Cradle
Design concept
C2C principles
●Waste equals Food!
●Use current solar income!
●Celebrate Diversity!
http://epea-hamburg.org/en/content/nutrient-cycles
![Page 36: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Cradle to Cradle
![Page 37: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Industrial Ecology
Industrial operations = natural systems within constraints of local ecosystems and biosphere
●Dynamics and principles of ecosystems as guides in design and management of industrial systems
●High energy and materials efficiencies in production, use, recycling and service will generate competitive advantage and economic benefits
●Network of exchanged resource streams
![Page 38: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Example of Industrial Ecology: Kalundborg, Denmark
![Page 39: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Integration and combination of technologies
![Page 40: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Greenhouse Village
Combination of New Sanitation, Renewable Energy and Storage and Adv. Agriculture
www.zonneterp.nl
![Page 41: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Sneek, the Netherlands: New Sanitation
• Separation of (Waste)water streams at source
• First 32 (phase I), now (II) >200 households
• Vacuum toilets + kitchen grinders
• Benefits:
• Biogas
• Water saving
• Nutrient recovery
![Page 42: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
4242
Sneek I: 32 houses
![Page 43: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Sneek II: Neigbourhood level
• Example in Sneek, The Netherlands• 230 households on vacuum toilets; greywater treatment;
grinded kitchen waste
![Page 44: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Prototype vacuum kitchen grinder
![Page 45: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Up-scaling Sneek I – Sneek II 250 houses
![Page 46: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Sneek process
![Page 47: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Beddington, London, UK
![Page 48: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
Beddington, London, UK
![Page 49: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Western Harbor, Malmo, Sweden
Western Harbor 175 ha
●Bo01 (the actual site) 25 ha
Former shipyard and wharf area
●Closed during the mid-80’s
●Unemployment and urban degradation
![Page 50: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Applied technologies
![Page 51: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Urban System Engineering
Grietje Zeeman
Ingo Leusbrock
@leusbrocki
For more information:
http://bit.ly/1irbfr8
External Input
Multisource
Consump-tion
Cascading and reuse
Recycle and storage
Waste
Export
![Page 52: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Capita Selecta Urban Environmental Technology and Management ETE 50803
Individual review paper (+/- 3000 words) on a topic of their choice related to the introductory lecture and the field visits.
Use a specific field trip or multiple visits
If in doubt, do not hesitate to discuss your topic with K. Kujawa-Roeleveld before/after the study trip
![Page 53: Our cities: centres of disaster or beacons of hope? Our urban problems and our urban solutions](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102807/55b9c97ebb61eb1a388b475b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Capita Selecta Urban Environmental Technology and Management ETE 50803
Paper structure
Introduction to the topic
Short literature review
Description of experiences incl. on-site discussions from the visit(s)
Critical reflection and discussion (use also literature)
Conclusion
Reference list