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Our own Country
The separation from England begins!!
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Mayflower Compact (1620)
• Dutch Pilgrims came over on the Mayflower (ship)
• They wrote the 1st government/constitution
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1st Direct Democracy
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Puritans
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Religious Dissenters
• Roger Williams
• Gov’t should be separate from religion
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William Penn: Pennsylvania
Philadelphia: City of Brotherly Love
Created a Frame of Government: governor, council, and assembly
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Quakers
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Jamestown
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Virginia House of Burgesses
• 1st representative democracy
• Legislative assembly: makes the laws
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Virginia Troubles
• Nathaniel Bacon wanted protection against the natives
• The governor refused
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Bacons Rebellion• He raised an army to fight the natives
• Bacon army marched to Jamestown to protest.
• Set fire to the colony
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Triangle Trade Route
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The Middle Passage
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Slave Ships
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3 types of colonies
• Joint stock colony: a business control the colony $$$
• Proprietary colony: friend of the king controls the colony.
• Royal: under direct control of the king.
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Types of Government
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Monarchy
• King or queen rule
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Republic
• Citizens rule through elected representatives that create laws.
• Laws rule/ Control the Majority
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Democracy
• People either rule directly or through elected representatives
• Majority Rule
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Dictatorship/Totalitarian
• Where one person has complete power
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Anarchy
• Where there is no government
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Theocracy
• Religion rules the government
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Magna Carta
• 1215: 1st English document to check the powers of the king: no one is above the law
• People cannot be deprived of life, liberty, property
• Right to a speedy trial/witness/justice
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Natural Rights
• Everyone enters society with certain rights, that cannot be denied by anyone. This idea is from the Magna Carta.
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British Identity
• Political: Monarchy, national gov’t
• Economic: ag, fishing, your work defined your rank
• Social: patriarchy, class based on wealth, English
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Glorious Revolution 1688
• Change in leadership in England
• King James II was kicked out and replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband William.
• Shifted power from the monarchy to Parliament
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English Parliament• Lawmaking body of
England.
• 2 houses/bicameral: 1. House of Lords
• 2. And House of Commons
– Head of the British government is called the Prime Minister
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English Bill of Rights 1689
• Right to petition/Vote
• Right to a fair punishment/trial
• Parliament can raise an army
• Free elections
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Virginia House of Burgesses
• 1st representative democracy
• Legislative assembly: makes the laws
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Set up the gov’t of Conn.
• 1st written state constitution in the New World!
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Maryland Act of Toleration
• Law requiring toleration of religion
• Freedom of Worship but only if you were Christian
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Town Meetings
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Great Awakening• 1st truly American Event• New denominations, spread of religion to frontier• “Sinners in the hands of an angry God”
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Social Contract Theory
John Locke
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American Identity
• Political: experimented with different gov’ts– Mayflower/House of Burgesses/FOC/
– Economic: Lots of land and natural resources, jobs based on choice (self made)
– Social: Religion, “Great Awakening”
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Thomas Hobbes
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John Locke
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Baron de Montesquieu
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau