Overview of Mental Health and Addiction Disorders
Thanks to John Mogk, M.A.
Clinical Coordinator
Maple Ridge Treatment Centre for original version of this power point.
Major Mental Health Problems Psychosis Mood Anxiety Personality Addiction Eating Disorders
Psychosis, disturbance of thinking Hallucinations Delusions Disorganized
Behaviors Thinking Speech (incoherence) Movement - Catatonia
Pathways to Psychosis Mental Illness
Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder Bipolar Mania, Severe depression Paranoid and Borderline Personality Disorders
Substances e.g. Stimulants, Cannabis
Brain Injuries / Medical Disease e.g. Alzheimer's
Treatment of Psychosis Medication Skill Building
Social Activities of Daily Living Medication Compliance Occupational Relapse prevention / Stress Management
Mood Disorders Depression Mania Bipolar I & II
Depression Low mood Anhedonia - lack of pleasure Unintentional Weight Change Insomnia or Hypersomnia Psychomotor Agitation or Retardation Fatigue or Loss of Energy Worthlessness or Guilty Thinking problems Morbid thoughts
Depression Is very common component of substance use and
withdrawal, particularly alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, steroids and stimulants.
Typically takes 4-8 weeks of clean time before substance-induced depression can be ruled out
Older adults who abuse substances usually have mood disorders
Depressed persons have some preference for stimulants and alcohol
Mania Grandiosity Decreased need for sleep Talkative or fast talking Flight of ideas Distractible Increased activity or psychomotor agitation Excessive pleasure seeking Can be brought on by stimulant use or depressant
withdrawal
Bipolar I and II Both require having had at least a 2 week
episode of depression and a one week episode of mania (I) 4 days of hypomania (II)
Continuum of depression DepressionNormal
Sadness/
Grieving/Blues
Depression
BipolarManic
Normal
Depressed
Treatment of Mood Disorders Medications Psychotherapy Occupational Therapy Exercise
Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Phobias Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is the most common symptom of substance
abusers and is now considered to be a cause of anxiety disorders much more often than as a self-medicating for underlying anxiety disorder
Using chemicals ( benzodiazepines, cannabis) to cope with anxiety can weaken ability to use healthy mechanisms and create avoidance tendencies
Anxiety can be resolved in addiction treatment
Panic Attacks A discreet period (< 30minutes) reaching a peak within 10
minutes with 4 or more of … Palpitations, pounding heart, or fast heart rate Sweating Trembling or shaking Shortness of breath or feeling smothered Feelings of choking Chest pain Nausea Feeling dizzy, light-headed, faint, or unsteady Derealization or depersonalization Fear of losing control / going crazy Numbness Chills or hot flashes
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1. Person exposed to trauma 2. Event is persistently recurrently experienced
Intrusive memories of event Dreams of the event Feeling as if they are reliving the event As intense distress or physiological reactivity when exposed
to cues that resemble or symbolize the event 3. Avoidance of stimuli and numbing responsiveness 4. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal
Anxiety Treatment Medications preferably very short-term Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Trauma therapies to reprocess memories
Personality Disorders (most commonly disabling)
Borderline Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
Therapy for Personality Disorder Medications for symptom management Psychotherapy Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and other
newly developed therapy for persons with personality disorders
Psycho-social Rehabilitation (skill building)
Addictions Alcohol, Heroin and other Opiate use
frequently causes symptoms of depression and sometimes depressive illness.
Alcohol, Benzodiazepines, and cannabis often create anxiety disorders by allowing avoidance of anxiety provoking stimuli
Cocaine addiction can resemble or create bipolar mood swings
Addiction Therapies Detox Outpatient Inpatient Residential Support Recovery, Longer Term Residential Self - Help
Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Eating Disorders NOS
Anorexia Nervosa Refusal to maintain normal body weight for
age & height Intense fear of weight gain Disturbance in self-evaluation of body shape
and size, denial of serious of underweight Amenorrhea in postmenstrual women
Bulimia Nervosa Recurrent binge eating episodes Recurrent purging to avoid weight gain Binge eating and purging occur on average, at
least twice a week for 3 months Self-evaluation influenced by body shape and
weight
Treatment of Eating Disorders Medical stabilization Medication Individual therapy using several models - Readiness
and Motivation Therapy ( RMT) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT); Understanding Feminist theory and role of media; skill building
Family Therapy- several models are being researched
Nutrition Education Team approach
Recovery is Possible, Help is available Mission Mental Health Centre Fraserhouse Mission Indian Friendship Centre