Download - P2 Radiation & Life
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P2 Radiation & LifeLesson 3: Ionisation
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Starter Which 3 things affect radiation
intensity?
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Starter Which 3 things affect radiation
intensity?The distance from the sourceThe type and frequency of radiationThe number of photons
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Objectives MUST understand what is meant
by ionising radiation SHOULD understand how
ionisation occurs COULD understand that exposure
to ionising radiation can damage living cells
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Atoms Atoms are made up of a nucleus
containing protons and neutrons and electrons which wizz around the outside
Neutrons are neutral Protons are positively
charged Electrons are negatively
charged
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Key Words You need to be able to define the
following:› Electron› Atom› Molecule› Ion› Ionisation› Ionising radiation› Mutation
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Neutral Atoms and Molecules
Normally atoms and molecules have a neutral charge
They have an equal number of protons and electrons
For example a helium atom has two protons and two neutrons
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Ionisation Ions are charged atoms or molecules Atoms or molecules can be charged if
their numbers of protons and electrons are unequal
Ions can be formed by “knocking out” electrons from atoms or by breaking molecules apart
This process of forming ions is known as Ionisation
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Ionisation Radiation that can cause ionisation is known as
ionising radiation
Ionising radiation is found at the high frequency end of the electromagnetic spectrum because they carry the most energy
The three types of electromagnet radiation that are ionising are: UV, X-rays, and Gamma Rays
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Textbook Answers1) Ions are charged and atoms are not; ions are
charged and molecules are not. 2)a) Positive; b) negative3)An atom absorbs an X-ray photon. An electron is
knocked out of the atom. A positive ion is formed.4)The photons of radio waves do not carry enough
energy to cause ionisation; gamma photons do.5) Ionisation in the body is a problem because it
changes molecules in cells and so changes processes in cells, e.g. causing cancer, or even the death of the cell.
6)Gamma radiation; it is the most energetic form.