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Pages 403-405LEQ: When caring for a shock victim, how does
the type of shock determine the
treatment?
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Also Called Hypoperfusion
Defined as: “a clinical set of signs and symptoms associated with an inadequate supply of blood to body organs, especially the brain and heart”
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When shock occurs, the body attempts to increase blood flow to the brain, heart, and vital organs by reducing blood flow to other body parts.
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Cyanosis Cool Skin Diaphoresis Tachycardia Tachypnea Hypotension Weakness, Confusion, or Unconsciousness Anxiety and Restlessness Excessive Thirst, N/V Blurred Vision, Sunken eyes, & Dilated Pupils
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Can be life threatening.
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Hemorrhage (excessive loss of blood) Excessive Pain Infection Heart Attack Stroke Poisoning (by chemicals, drugs or gases) Lack of O2 Psychological trauma Dehydration
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Allergic Reaction to food, meds, stings, bites, or chemicals
Body releases histamines which causes vasodilation (blood vessels get larger) and hives (urticaria)
Respiratory Distress may occur and is Life Threatening.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ftyx5gVx_d0
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Heart Muscle Damage from MI or Cardiac Arrest
Heart is unable to pump and BP drops
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Severe Bleeding or loss of plasma
Decrease blood volume causes blood pressure to drop
Decreased blood flow to body cells
Decrease in blood volume
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Severe N/V, diarrhea, heat illness, or diabetes
Decreased amount of fluid causes dehydration and disruption in normal acid-base balance of the body. Bp drops & less blood circulates to the cells.
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Injury to the brain and/or spinal cord injury
Nervous system loses the ability to control the size of blood vessels and hypotension occurs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcnsZ5fMlw4
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Emotional distress such as anger, fear, or grief
Emotional response causes massive vasodilation and causes hypotension (Fight or Flight)
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Choking, Trauma to the Respiratory Tract or chronic disease
Interferes with the Oxygen exchange between the lungs and the blood stream
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Acute Infection (Toxic Shock Syndrome)
Poisons or toxins in the blood cause vasodilation and hypotension
Usually documented along with Septicemia
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Treatment for shock is directed at: • Eliminating the cause• Improving circulation, especially to the
heart• Providing adequate oxygen supply• Maintaining Body Temp. (98.6)
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The position for treating shock is based on the victims injuries.
Head Injury: Apply pressure on the injury and keep the victim laying flat. Do Not elevate head or lower extremities.
Chest Injury: Raise the head and shoulder slightly
Nausea/Vomiting or Unconsciousness: Keep the victim lying on one side (known as recovery, coma or lateral position) preferably opposite from his injury except for sucking wound and stroke.
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