Transcript
Page 1: Paleozoic Time Scale and Sea-Level History€¦ · Paleozoic Long- and Short-Term Sea Level Permian-Devonian T-R Cycles 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320 325

0 100 200m

Age

Standard Chronostratigraphy

Period Epoch Stage Primary

Paleozoic Sequences -- Haq and Schutter (Science, 2008) Paleozoic Sequences --other studies

Mega-Sequences

of Sloss

Sequences(nomenclature by

J. Ogg)

Coastal Onlap and Mean Sea-Level (intermediate term)

Paleozoic Long- andShort-Term Sea Level Permian-Devonian

T-R Cycles

255

260

265

270

275

280

285

290

295

300

305

310

315

320

325

330

335

340

345

350

355

360

365

370

375

380

385

390

395

400

405

410

415

420

425

430

435

440

445

450

455

460

465

470

475

480

485

490

495

500

505

510

515

520

525

530

535

540

545

550 Ed

iaca

ran

Cam

bri

anO

rdo

vici

anS

iluri

anD

evo

nia

nC

arb

on

ifer

ou

sP

erm

ian

Terr

eneu

vian

Ser

ies

2S

erie

s 3

Fur

ongi

anE

arly

Mid

dle

Late

Llan

dove

ryW

enlo

ckLu

dlow

Prid

oli

Ear

lyM

iddl

eLa

teE

arly

Mis

s.M

iddl

e M

iss.

Late

Mis

s.E

arly

Pen

n.M

iddl

e P

enn.

Late

Pen

n.C

isur

alia

nG

uada

lupi

anLo

ping

ian

Fortunian

542.0

Stage 2

528.0

Stage 3

521.0

Stage 4

515.0

Stage 5

510.0

Drumian

506.5

Guzhangian

503.0

Paibian

499.0

Stage 9

496.0

Stage 10

492.0

Tremadocian

488.3

Floian

478.6

Dapingian

471.8

Darriwilian

468.1

Sandbian

460.9

Katian

455.8

Hirnantian445.6

Rhuddanian

443.7

Aeronian

439.0

Telychian

436.0

Sheinwoodian428.2

Homerian

426.2

Gorstian422.9

Ludfordian

421.3

418.7

Lochkovian

416.0

Pragian

411.2

Emsian

407.0

Eifelian

397.5

Givetian

391.8

Frasnian

385.3

Famennian

374.5

Tournaisian

359.2

Visean

345.3

Serpukhovian

328.3

Bashkirian

318.1

Moscovian

311.7

Kasimovian

307.2

Gzhelian

303.4

Asselian

299.0

Sakmarian

294.6

Artinskian

284.4

Kungurian

275.6

Roadian

270.6

Wordian

268.0

Capitanian

265.8

Wuchiapingian

260.4

Changhsingian

253.8

Ear

ly-C

ambr

ian

serie

s (K

irsch

vink

an

d R

ozan

ov, 1

984;

Kirs

chvi

nk, 1

978)

Mid

-Cam

bria

n se

ries

(Pav

lov-

Gal

let,

2005

)O

rd-C

amb

boun

dary

se

ries

(Pav

lov-

Gal

let,

2005

)M

ayer

o R

ever

sed

Sup

erch

ron

San

dbia

n-E

. Kat

ian

mix

ed

inte

rval

(P

avlo

v-G

alle

t, 20

05)

Hirn

antia

n-

Lt. K

atia

n N

Llan

dove

ry m

ixed

- po

larit

y in

terv

alW

enlo

ck N

orm

al-

pola

rity

inte

rval

Ludl

ow-P

ridol

i m

ixed

-pol

arity

inte

rval

Say

an (

Rn)

hy

perc

hron

Poo

rly

know

nC

arbo

nife

rous

M

ixed

Kia

man

Rev

erse

d-

pola

rity

Hyp

erch

ron

Illaw

ara

Ser

ies

Sau

kT

ippe

cano

eK

aska

skia

Abs

arok

a

Low

erM

iddl

eU

pper

Low

erU

pper

Low

erU

pper

Low

er

Upper

0 100 200m 0 100 200m

Medium- Resolution Perm- Devon Sequences

LateCambrianLowstand

Early-Middle

TremadocianHighstand

LateTremadoc-E. ArenigLowstand

Mid Arenig Highstand

Late Arenig - Early Llanvirn

Lowstand

LateLlanvirn- Caradoc

Highstand

AshgillLowstandInterval

Silur-1

Silur-2

Silur-3

Silur-4

Silur-5

Silur-5a

Silur-6

Silur-7

Silur-8

Rhuddanian (Saelabonn) Transgressive Event

Hirnantian LowstandEvent

Langoyene DrowningEvent

Terminal HusbergoyaLowstand Event

Husbergoya DrowningEvent

Spannslokket DrowningEvent

Grimsoya RegressiveEvent

Linearis Drowning-3Event

Linearis Drowning-2Event

Linearis Drowning-1Event

Solvang LowstandEvent

Nakkholmen DrowningEvent

Frognarkilen LowstandEvent

Keila Drowning Event

Arnestad Drowning

Vollen Lowstand

Furudal Highstand

Skarlov Lowstand

Helskjer DrowningEvent

Stein Lowstand Event

Basal Llanvirn DrowningEvent

Komstad RegressiveEvent

Gardlosa DrowningEvent

Basal WhiterockLowstand

Evae DrowningEvent

Billingen TransgressiveEvent

CopiosusDrowning Event

Hagastrand DrowningEvent

Ceratopyge RegressiveEvent

Kiaerograptus DrowningEvent

Peltocare RegressionEvent

Black MountainRegression Event

StonehengeTransgression

Acerocare RegressiveEvent

end-Perm

Chang-1?

Tansill/Wuch-2

Tansill/Wuch-1

Yates

Seven Rivers

Queens

Graysburg

Upper San Andres I

Brushy Canyon

Road Canyon IIRoad Canyon I

Iren -2

Iren

Filippov

Saran

Sargin

Irgin 3

Irgin 2

Barneston 2

Barneston 1

Kinney

Wreford 2

Wreford 1

Funston

Crouse

Middleburg

Eiss

Beattie 2

Beattie 1

Red Eagle 2

Foraker 2

F (Tarkio)Howard

Topeka

Deer Creek

Lecompton

Oread

E (Cass)

Stanton

D (Iola)

Dewey

C (Dennis)

Swope

B (Hertha)

Lost Branch

Altamont

Pawnee

Fort Scott 2

A (Verdigris)

Tiawah/Inola

Don./McCurtain

Finnie

Grindstaff

Pounds

Bostwich

Trace Creek

Dye - Kessler

Prairie Grove 2

Cane Hill

Imo

Degonia

Clore

Menard

Tar Springs

Hardinsburg

Fraileys

Cypress

Bethel

Yankeetown

Aux Vases

Ridenhower -Ste. Genevieve

St Louis

Salem (upper)

Salem (lower)

Warsaw

Keokuk (Upper)

Keokuk (Lower)

Meppen

Chouteau

Hannibal

Glen Park

II f

II e

II d

II c

II b

II a

I c

I b

I a

252.23

253.02

253.8

255.12

256.44

258.47

260.5

261.85

263.3

265.9266.1

266.58

267.05

268.0268.2268.35

268.78

269.17

269.56

270.26270.49

270.8

271.15

272.71

273.1273.35

273.6

275.1

275.6

277.05

278.5

279.63

280.0

280.37

280.75

281.89

283.14

284.4284.6

285.33

286.06

286.79

287.51

288.24

288.97

289.7

290.43

291.16

291.89

292.61

293.34

294.6294.8

295.38

295.97

296.57

297.17

297.76

298.34298.68299.03

299.73299.99

301.46

315.57315.82

316.39316.64

317.39317.44

317.92

318.93

319.77

320.49

322.07322.27

322.86322.95

323.7323.81

324.6324.71

325.5325.61

326.4326.58

327.82327.99

329.24329.41

330.65330.83

331.77332.08

333.02333.25

333.95

334.9

335.84336.17

337.9

340.61

341.52

341.99

343.41

343.94

345.53

346.88

350.86

351.32

352.43

354.31

357.12

358.99

372.28

361.5

363.03

363.79

364.94

365.78366.09

367.31

369.15369.3

371.44

372.01

373.58

374.04374.27

376.12

396.65

397.5

398.93

400.35

402.54402.73

404.17404.34

407.74

408.32

409.21

409.94

410.78411.2

299.84

Up. Grenola (Neva)

301.86

302.26

302.67

303.08

303.48

303.89

304.29

304.7

305.1

305.51

305.91

306.32306.72

307.13

307.53

307.94

308.34

308.75

309.15

310.21310.56310.95

311.7

312.45

313.19

313.94314.35

I fI e

I d

379.56379.86

377.2377.42

380.27

380.89

381.74

385.3385.59

386.28

387.25

387.84388.23

389.49

390.37

390.64

391.12391.31

385.89

390.46

392.6392.94

393.37

394.76394.94395.19

end-Perm

Tansill/Wuch

Brushy Canyon

Filippov

Irgin

Burslev (Barneston)

Funston

Lenox Hills (Eiss)

Neal Ranch (Upper Grenola)Red Eagle 3

Red Eagle

Foraker 2

F of Heckel'08

OreadE of Heckel'08

Stanton

D of Heckel'08(Dennis)

C of Heckel'08

Swope

B of Heckel'08

Lower Fort ScottA of Heckel'08

McCurtainMcCurtain

Prairie Grove 2

Imo

Degonia

Tar Springs

Salem (upper)

Keokuk (Upper)

Chouteau

Glen Park

II f

II e

II a

I c

I b

I a

0 a

Ordovician Sealevel Events (Baltoscandia)

Ammonoid Zonation Conodont Zonation

Graptolite Zones

Fusulinids and BenthicForaminifer Zonation

Only straight ammonoids known

Anetoceras

Anarcestes

Pinacites

Maenioceras

Pharciceras

Manticoceras

Cheiloceras

Prolobites

Platyclymenia

Clymenia

Wocklumeria

Protocanites - Gattendorfia

Protocanites - Pericyclus

Merocanites - Ammonellipsites

Beyrichoceras - Goniatites

Hypergoniatites - Ferganoceras

Uralopronorites - Cravenoceras

Fayettevillea - Delepinoceras

( hiatus in Eurasia ? )

Homoceras - Hudsonoceras

Reticuloceras - Bashkortoceras

Bilinguites - Cancelloceras

Branneroceras - Gastrioceras

Diaboloceras - Axinolobus

Diaboloceras - Winslovoceras

Paralegoceras - Eowellerites

Pseudoparalegoceras - Wellerites

Shumardites - Vidrioceras

Shumardites

Svetlanoceras

Sakmarites

Aktubinskia, Artinskia, Neopronorites

Waagenoceras

Timorites

Roadoceras, Doulingoceras

Araxoceras

Iranites

Rexroadus nathani

Distomodus kentuckyensis

Pterospathodus tenuis

Distomodus staurognathoides

Pterospathodus eopennatus

Pterospathodus celloni

Pterospathodus amorphognathoides

Kockelella ranuliformis

Ozarkodina sagitta rhenana

Ozarkodina sagitta sagitta

Ozarkodina bohemica

Kockelella stauros

[ not zoned ]

Ancoradella ploeckensis

Polygnathoides siluricus

Ozarkodina snajdri Interval Zone

Ozarkodina crispa

Ozarkodina remscheidensis Interval Zone

Oulodus elegans detortus

Icriodus woschmidti - postwoschmidti

Ozarkodina eurekaensis

Ozarkodina delta

Pedavis pesavis

Eognathodus sulcatus sulcatus

Eognathodus sulcatus kindlei

Polygnathus pireneae

Polygnathus kitabicus

Polygnathus gronbergi / excavatus

Polygnathus nothoperbonus

Polygnathus inversus

Polygnathus serotinus

Polygnathus costatus patulus

Polygnathus costatus partitus

Polygnathus costatus costatus

Tortodus kock. australis

Tortodus kock. kockelianus

Polygnathus xylus - ensensis

Polygnathus hemiansatus

Polygnathus varcus

Schmidtognathus hermanni

Klapperina disparilis

Skeletognathus norrisi

Mesotaxis falsiovalis

Palmatolepis transitans

Palmatolepis punctata

Palmatolepis hassi

Palmatolepis jamieae

Palmatolepis rhenana

Palmatolepis linguiformis

Palmatolepis triangularis

Palmatolepis crepida

Palmatolepis rhomboidea

Palmatolepis marginifera

Palmatolepis rugosa trachytera

Palmatolepis perlobata postera

Palmatolepis gracilis expansa

Siphonodella praesulcata

Siphonodella sulcata

Siphonodella duplicata

Siphonodella belkai

Siphonodella quadruplicata

Siphonodella isosticha

Gnathodus typicus

Dollimae bouckaerti

Scalliognathus anchoralis

Gnathodus texanus

Gnathodus bilineatus bilineatus

Lochria nodosa

Lochria cruciformis

Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis

( hiatus in Eurasia ? )

Declinagnathodus noduliferus

Idiognathoides sinuatus

Neognathodus askynensis

Idiognathodus sinuosus

Declinognathodus marginodosus

Declinognathodus donetzianus - Idiognathoides postsulcatus

Streptognathodus transitivus

Neognathodus medexultimus - Neognathodus bothrops

Streptognathodus concinnus - Idiognathodus robustus

Neognathodus medexultimus - Idiognathodus podolskensis

Neognathodus inaequalisNeognathodus roundyi

Streptognathodus subexcelsus"Swadelina" makhlinaeIdiognathodus sagittalis

Streptognathodus cancellosus

Idiognathodus toretzianus

Streptognathodus firmusStreptognathodus simulator

Streptognathodus vitali

Streptognathodus virgilicus

Streptognathodus bellus

Streptognathodus wabaunsensis

Streptognathodus isolatus

Streptognathodus constrictus

Streptognathodus fusus

Streptognathodus postfusus

Streptognathodus barskovi

Sweetognathus merrilli - Neogondolella uralensis

Sweetognathus binodosus

Sweetognathus whitei

Neostreptognathodus pequopensis

Neostreptognathodus pnevi

Neostreptognathodus prayi

Neostreptognathodus sulcoplicatus

Jinogondolella nankingensis

Jinogondolella aserrata

Jinogondolella postserrata

Jinogondolella altudaensis

Clarkina postbitteri hongshuiensis Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri

Clarkina dukouensis

Clarkina asymetrica

Clarkina leveni

Clarkina guangyuanensisClarkina transcaucasica

Clarkina orientalis

Clarkina wangi

Clarkina subcarinataClarkina changxingensis

Clarkina yiniClarkina meishanensis

Cordylodus angulatus

Paltodus deltifer

Paroistodus proteus

Prioniodus elegans

Oepikodus evae

Baltoniodus triangulatus

Baltoniodus navis

Paroistodus originalis

Baltoniodus norrlandicus

Eoplacognathus variabilis

Eoplacognathus suecicus

Pygodus serra

Pygodus anserinus

Amorphognathus tvaerensis

Amorphognathus superbus

Amorphognathus ordovicicus

-

Anisograptus

Psigraptus jacksoni

Aorograptus victoriae

Araneograptus pulchellus

Tetragraptus approximatus

(Pendeograptus fruticosus)

Didymograptus protobifidus

Isograptus primulus

Isograptus victoriae lunatus

Isograptus victoriae victoriae

Isograptus victoriae maximus

Oncograptus upsilonCardiograptus morsus

Undulograptus austrodentatus

Undulograptus intersitus

Pseudoclimacograptus decoratus

Archiclimacograptus riddellensis

Nemagraptus gracilis

Orthograptus calcaratus

Diplacanthograptus lanceolatus

Diplacanthograptus spiniferus

Dicranograptus kirki

Dicellograptus gravis

Climacograptus? uncinatus

pre-pacificus

Paraorthograptus pacificus

Normalograptus? extraordinarius

Normalograptus? persculptus

Anabarites trisulcatus

Purella antiqua

SMALL SHELLY FOSSIL ZONES:

[ Blank zone ]

Nochoroicyathus sunnaginicus

Dokidocyathus regularis

Dok. lenaicus-Tum. primigenius

ARCHAEOCYATHAN ZONES:

Profallotaspis jakutensis

Fallotaspis

Pagetiellus anabarus

Judomia

B. micmacciformis -Erbiella

Bergeroniellus gurarii

Bergeroniellus asiaticus

Bergeroniellus ornata

Bergeroniellus ketemensis

Lermontovia grandis

Anabaraspis splendens

Ovatoryctocara granulata - Schistocephalus antiquus

Kounamkites

Ptychagnostus gibbus

Tomagnostus fissus

Anopolenus henrici - Corynexochus perforatus

Anomocarioides limbataeformis

Lejopyge laevigata - Oidalagnostus trispinifer

Acrocephalella granulosa - Koldiniella prolixa

Pedinocephalina - Toxotis

Glyptagnostus stolidotus

Glyptagnostus reticulatus

[ Blank zone ]

Erixanium sentum

Agnostotes orientalis - Irvingella perfecta

Norilagn. quadratus - Irvingella cipita

Irvinella norilica

Tukalandaspis egens

Ketyna ketiensis - Monosulcatina laeve

Dolgeuloma abunda - D. dolganensis

Eopatokephalus nyaicus

Anabarites trisulcatus - Protohertzium anabarica

Siphogonuchites triangularis - Paragloborilus subglobosus

[ Blank zone ]

Heraultipegma yunnanensis

[ Blank zone ]

Sinosachites flabelliformis - Tannuolina zhangwentangi

SMALL SHELLY FOSSIL ZONES:

Hupeidiscus - Sinodiscus

Sichuanolenus - Chengkouia

Arthricocephalus

Arthricocephalites - Changaspis

Protoryctocephalus

Ovatoryctocara granulata - Bathynotus holopygus

Oryctocephalus indicus

Oryctocephalus orientalis

Ptychagnostus gibbus

Ptychagnostus atavus

Ptychagnostus punctuosus

Goniagnostus nathorstiLejopyge armata

Lejopyge laevigata

Proagnostus bulbus

Linguagnostis reconditus

Glyptagnostus stolidotus

Glyptagnostus reticulatus

Innitagnostus inexpectans - Proceratopyge protracta

Corynexochus plumula - Sinoproceratopyge cf. kiangshanensis

Agnostotes orientalis - Irvingella angustilimbata

Rhaptagnostus ciliensis - Onchonotellus cf. kuruktagensis

Eolotagnostus decoratus - Kaolishaniella

Probinacunaspis nasalis - Peichiashania hunanensis

Lotagnostus americanus - Hedinaspis regalis

Archaeuloma taoyuanense - Leioagnostus cf. bexelli

Mictosaukia striata -Fatocephalus

Leiostegium constrictum - Shenjiawania brevica

Hysterolenus - Onychopyge

Ordovician: North Atlantic Conodont Zones

Akidograptus ascensus

Parakidograptus acuminatus

Orthograptus vesiculosis

Coronograptus cyphus

Demirastrites triangulatus- pectinatus

Monograptus argenteus - leptotheca

Lituigraptus convolutus

Stimulograptus sedgwickii

Spirograptus guerichi

Spirograptus turriculatus

Monograptus crispus

Monograptus griestoniensis - crenulata

Oktavites spiralis Interval Zone

Cyrtograptus lapworthi - insectus

Cyrtograptus centrifugus - murchisoni

Monograptus riccartonensis - belophorus - antennularis

Cyrtograptus rigidus - perneri

Cyrtograptus lundgreni

Pristiograptus parvus - Gothograptus nassa

Colonograptus praedeubeli - deubeli

Colonograptus ludensisNeodiversograptus nilssoni

Lobograptus scanicus

Saetograptus leintwardinensis

Neocucullograptus kozlowskii - Polonograptus podoliensis

Monograptus formosus

Monograptus parultimus - ultimus

Monograptus branikensis - lochkovensis

Monograptus bouceki - transgrediens - perneri

Monograptus praehercynicus, M. uniformis

Monograptus hercinicus

Monograptus falcarius

Monograptus yukonensis

Sphaeroschwagerina vulgarisSphaeroschwagerina fusiformis

Schwagerina nux

Pseudoschwagerina robusta

Sphaeroschwagerina gigas

Schwagerina moelleri

Schwagerina vernueili

Zigarella urdalensis - Z. plicatissima

Pseudofusulina

Parafusulina

Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris

Brevaxina

Praeskinnerella pavlovi

Skinerella

Cancellina

Neoschwangerina tenuis

Afganella tereshkovae

Afganella schenki

Rauserella

Codonofusiella

Paradunbarulla

Palaeofusulina minima

Palaeofusulina sinensis - Parananlingellia

Tournayellina pseudobeata - Septatournayella njumylga

Bisphaera malevkensis - Earlandia minima

Chernyshinella disputabilis

Palaeospiroplectammina tchernyshinensis

Spinoendothyra costifera

Endothyra elegia - Eotextularia diversa

Eoparastaffella simplex - Eoendothyranopsis donica

Uralodiscus rotundus

Endothyranopsis compressa - Pararchaediscus kokjubensis

Endothyranopsis crassus - Archaediscus gigas

Neoarchaediscus postrugosus

Eostaffellina protvae

Monotaxinoides transitorius

( regional hiatus ? )

Plectostaffella bogdanovkensis

Semistaffella variabilis - Semistaffella minuscilaria

Pseudostaffella antiqua

Staffellaeformes staffellaeformis - Pseudostaffella praegorskyi

Profusulinella primitiva - Pseudostaffella gorskyi

Profusulinella rhombiformis

Verella spicata - Alj. tikhonovichi

Aljutovella aljutovica

Priscoidella priscoidea

Fusulinella subpulchra

Fusulinella colaniae - F. voshgalensis - Beedeina kamensis

Fusulinella bocki

Fusulina cylindrica - Protriticites ovatus

Protriticites pseudomontiparus - Obsoletes obsoletus

Montiparus montiparus

Rauserites quasiarcticus

Rauserites rossicus - Rauserites stuckenbergi

Jigulites jigulensis

Daixina sokensis

Daixina bosbytauensis - Globifusulina robusta

Trilobite Zones andmajor Cambrian events

Trilobite Zones and Cambrian eventsSouth ChinaSiberia

Watsonella

SMALL SHELLY FOSSIL ZONES:

Abadiella huoi

Pararaia tateiPararaia bunyerooensis

Pararaia janeae

[ Gap ]

Redlichia forresti

Xystridura negrina

Pentagnostus anabarensis

Pentagnostus praecurrensPentagnostus shergoldiPtychagnostus gibbus

Ptychagnostus atavus

Euragnostus opimus

Ptychagnostus punctuosusDoryagnostus deltoides

Goniagnostus nathorsti

Lejopyge laevigata

Dam. torosa - Fer. janitrix

Erediaspis eretes

Achmarhachis quasivespa

Glyptagnostus stolidotus

Glyptagnostus reticulatus

Proceratopyge cryptica

Erixanium sentum

Stigmatoa diloma

Irvingella tropicaWentsuia iota - Rhaptagn. apsisPeich. secunda - Pro. glabellaPeichiashania tertia - P. quarta

Rh.c. patulus - C. squamosa - H. lilyensis

Rh. clarki prolatus - Caz. secatrixRh. bifax - N. denticulatus

Rhaptagn. clarki maximus - Rh. papilio Sinosaukia impages

Neoagn. quasibilobus - Shergoldia nomas

Mictosaukia perplexaCordylodus proavus (Australia)Hirsutodontus simplex (Australia)

C. prolindstromi (Australia)

Chang-3

Chang-2

Chang-1

Wuch-2

Wuch-1

Cap-3

Cap-2

Cap-1

Word-3

Word-2

Word-1

Road-2

Road-1Kung-3dKung-3cKung-3bKung-3a

Kung-2

Kung-1

Art-3

Art-2

Art-1

Sak-7

Sak-6

Sak-5

Sak-4

Sak-3

Sak-2

Sak-1

Ass-3

Ass-2

Ass-1

Gzh-3

Gzh-2

Gzh-1

Kas-3

Kas-2

Kas-1

Mosc-3

Mosc-2

Mosc-1

Bash-7

Bash-6

Bash-5

Bash-4Bash-3

Bash-2

Bash-1

Serp-9

Serp-8

Serp-7

Serp-6

Serp-5

Serp-4

Serp-3

Serp-2

Serp-1

Vis-7

Vis-6

Vis-5

Vis-4

Vis-3

Vis-2

Vis-1

Tour-5

Tour-4

Tour-3

Tour-2

Tour-1

Fam-8

Fam-7

Fam-6

Fam-5

Fam-4

Fam-3

Fam-2

Fam-1

Fras-8

Fras-7

Fras-6

Fras-5

Fras-4

Fras-3

Fras-2

Fras-1

Giv-5

Giv-4

Giv-3

Giv-6

Giv-2

Giv-1

Eif-3

Eif-2

Eif-1

Ems-8Ems-7

Ems-6

Ems-5

Ems-4

Ems-3

Ems-2

Ems-1

Prag-1

Loch-4

Loch-3

Loch-2

Loch-1

Pri-1

Lud-3

Lud-2

Lud-1

Gor-1

Hom-2

Hom-1

Shein-1

Tely-4

Tely-3

Tely-2

Tely-1

Aer-2

Aer-1

Rhud-1

Hirn-1

Kat-7

Kat-6

Kat-5

Kat-4

Kat-3

Kat-2

Kat-1

Sand-3

Sand-2

Sand-1

Darr-4

Darr-3

Darr-2

Darr-1

Dap-2

Dap-1

Flo-5

Flo-4

Flo-3

Flo-2

Flo-1

Trem-3

Trem-2

Trem-1

Camb10-4

Camb10-3

Camb10-2

Camb10-1

Camb9-1

Paib-1

Guzh-2

Guzh-1

Drum-2

Drum-1

Camb5-3

Camb5-2

Camb5-1

Camb4-2

Camb4-1

Camb3-5

Camb3-4

Camb3-3

Camb3-2

Camb3-1

Camb2-2

Camb2-1

Fort-6

Fort-5

Fort-4

Fort-3

Fort-2

Fort-1

Vend-4

Vend-3

Vend-2

Vend-1

251.5251.8

252.5252.89

253.8

254.57

256.0

257.32

260.4

261.04

262.0

262.5

263.0

264.12

265.8266.15

266.5266.7

267.0267.25267.5

267.77

268.4

269.28

270.6270.7

270.95271.3

271.65

272.0

272.6

273.5

274.34

275.6

276.68

278.0

279.75

281.5

282.81

284.4

285.35

286.5

287.18

288.0

288.64

289.6

290.23

291.0291.3

292.0292.36

293.2

293.69

294.6295.02

295.8295.98

296.7

297.5

299.0

299.68

300.5

301.02

301.8

302.65

303.5

303.98

304.7304.9

305.5

305.98

306.7

307.26

308.3308.51

309.0

309.92

311.3311.6

312.3312.65

313.3313.6

314.3

314.95

315.6316.0316.18

316.7316.9

317.5

318.01

319.2319.59

320.5320.86

321.7322.09

323.0323.35

324.0324.3

325.0

325.56

326.6326.8

327.4

328.3

329.4329.6

330.2330.62

331.6332.02

332.8

334.08

336.0

337.44

339.2

340.53

343.0

343.6

344.5344.92

345.7

346.54

348.5

349.5

351.0

351.69

353.3

355.37

359.2

359.92

361.0

361.96

363.4

364.2

365.7365.91

366.4366.84

367.5

368.5

370.0

370.8

386.02

376.72

379.0

382.0

372.0

372.88

374.5374.78

375.2375.56

376.0

377.6

378.09

379.72

380.8

381.4

383.0

384.0

384.68

385.5385.9386.2

386.79

387.5

388.0388.4

389.04

390.0

390.5

391.0391.21

391.6391.88

392.3392.45392.8

393.0393.3

393.98

395.0395.16395.4

396.56

397.5

398.3

399.5

400.35

401.2

402.6

404.0

404.9

406.0

406.45

407.0

408.35

410.0

410.82

411.5

412.5

413.5

414.0

414.5414.85

415.5

416.1

417.5

418.02

419.0

419.75

420.5420.7

421.0

422.0

423.0

424.0

425.0

425.55

426.0

426.68

427.5

428.18

429.0

429.75

430.5

431.75

433.0

434.0

435.0

435.9

436.8

437.79

439.0

441.12

443.7

444.6

445.7445.88

446.3446.7

447.3447.65

448.0448.4

449.0449.35

450.0

451.0

452.0

453.75

455.5455.75

456.2

457.2

458.2

459.69

460.9

461.35

461.8462.2

462.8

463.28

464.0

465.5

467.0

468.6

471.0

471.48471.8

472.34

473.0

474.0

475.0

475.5

476.0

476.45

477.0

478.2

481.0

482.26

483.8

485.15

486.8

487.55

488.3488.65

489.0489.4489.8

490.5

491.2491.56

492.0

493.2

495.0

497.0

499.0

500.0

501.0501.35

502.0

502.9

504.0

505.0

506.0

506.5

507.0507.18

507.5

508.1

509.0

510.13

511.5

512.75

514.0

514.67

515.5

516.25

517.0517.32

517.8518.2

518.8

519.9

521.0

522.5

524.0

525.4

528.0

530.0

533.0

533.9

535.0

535.45

536.0

536.8

538.0

539.0

540.0

540.7

542.0

542.8

544.0

544.83

545.5

546.63

548.0

548.5

549.0

Giv-7

R T

Paleozoic Time Scale and Sea-Level History

Silurian-Ordovician Sea Level

Geo-magneticPolarity

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Sponsored, in part, by:

Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004(Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.2004)

and The Concise Geologic Time Scale (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G. & Gradstein, F.M., 2008)PrecambrianPaleozoicMesozoicCen

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