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CIVL1014 Surveying and DrawingDRAWING LECTURE
Part 2: Drainage and Highways
THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
Dr. Ray SuDepartment of Civil Engineering
(office: HW 6-6, Tel. no.: 2859 2648
Email: [email protected])
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Surface Drain on Podium
Grated inlet
Gutter
Sloping
floor
Fall 1 in 50-100
1
50 to 100
Drain pipes (not shown)
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Surface Drain on Road
Grated inlet1 in 33
Footpath
Carriageway
Kerb
Gutter
1 in 40
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Surface Drain on Slope
U-channels
Berm
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U-channels and Catchpits on Slope
Catchpit
CatchpitFunctions of catchpits to connect U-
channels atdifferent levels anddirections
to catch sedimentand debris in theflowing water
U-channel
U-channel
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Nullahs or Culverts for collecting stormwater only
illegal discharge ofwastewater into opennullah would causewater pollution
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Manholes
Outlet
Cast
iron
steps
Manholes:- For inspection
andmaintenance ofunderground
pipes- For connectionof pipes atdifferent levelsand directions
Platform
Platform
Inlet
Inlet
Inlet
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Manholes and Pipes
Pipe
ManholeManhole
PLAN
SECTION
Fall : 1 in 100 to 200
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Concrete Pipes
Internal diameter of concrete pipes
range from 150mm to 2100mmSpigot & socket(s & s) connection
Y junction of pipes
Socket
end
Spigot
end
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Level Define the vertical alignment of the drainage system Unit: meters above principal datum (mPD)
Pipe
Manhole
Ground Level (G.L.)
Invert Level (I.L.)
Hong Kong Principal Datum is a vertical datum first defined in 1980. Its origin is1.23m below the mean of 19 years (1965-83) observations of tide levels at NorthPoint, Victoria Harbour. Hong Kong Principal Datum is a vertical datum forengineering survey.
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Chainage
Gives the horizontal reference
Measures the horizontal distance from a referencepoint Unit is in meters
CH 00
CH 10
CH 22 CH 29
CH 12CH 2310m
12m
7m
MH1 MH2
MH3
MH4
MH5 MH6
PLAN
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Pipe (barrel) Installation MethodsTYPE BB
TYPE BO
Minimum protectionFor pipe below open ground
Medium protection
For pipe below pavement
This detail is applicable for both soil and rock sites
pipe
Longitudinal
section
Y1
Outer diameter of the sockettrench
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TYPE AO
Maximum protection
For pipe below carriageway
Pipe (barrel) Installation Methods
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PLAN
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
MANHOLE DETAILS
Inter-related
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Drainage Plan
Symbol
for slopeDir.
ofthe
dip
Crest of the slope
toe of the slope
Manhole
mark
Manhole
Gutter
Enlarged
Undergrounddrain pipe 150
Dia. (see thelongitudinalsection)
Kerb
What kinds of information cannot be found
from this drawing?Flow direction of sewer, the types, sizes
and levels of pipes and manholes.
From the kerb to thecentre of manhole
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Manhole Details
PLAN (MH 21) A-A
Conc. pipe
Conc. pipe
MH
Foot hole
False viewshowing the MH
entrance above
Ground surface
Ground level
I.L.
Shut off board
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PLAN (MH 11) B-B
-5.855mPD
-6.050mPD (from plan)
-5.800mPD (from plan)
-4.200mPD
-4.600mPD
Ground level
Manhole Details
Th h i nt l s l (1:200) is diff nt
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Longitudinal Section
Ground surface
Concrete pipe
Manhole
Surface drain pipes
Type of pipes
and type of
protection for
pipes
Horizontal reference to MHs (unit in metres)
CH 0 is defined
at MH11
Vertical position of MHs (unit in mPD)
The horizontal scale (1:200) is differentfrom the vertical scale (1:50). The mainpurpose of this drawing is to show clearlythe vertical alignments of the drainage.
Vertical position of pipes (unit in mPD)
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Drainage PlanSymbol
for slopeDir.
ofdip
Crest of the slope
toe of the slope
0.000mPD Ground level
Manhole
mark
Manhole
Gutter (see the longitudinal section)
Enlarged
Undergrounddrain pipe 150
Dia.
Kerb line
G.L. -0.250mPD of the MHI.L. 3.600mPD of the pipe
G.L. -0.300mPD
I.L. 3.700mPD
G.L. -0.250mPD
I.L. 4.000mPD
I.L. 4.200mPD
G.L. -0.250mPD
I.L. 4.600mPD
G.L. 1.000mPD
I.L. 4.400mPD
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CH105
CH75 CH26
CH0
CH22
49m
2
6m
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Lam TsuenRiver
Example Drainage Layout Plan
Two networksmanaged byDSD:
Sewerage
(for foul water) Drainage(for stormwater)
sewerage
drainage
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Highways Drawing
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Street Furniture
Central
Divider
Parapet/
Barrier
Noise Barrier
Light poles
Shoulder/
Marginal Strip
Direction sign gantry
Road marks
Carriageway with 3 lanes
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Setting out
Setting out line (S.O.L.)
A curved road
Direction forincreasing the
chainage numbers
CH 100
CH 200
CH 300
Chainage measured along a S.O.L.
is used to give horizontal
references/ distances of the S.O.L.
(unit in metres)
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Superelevation
Horizontal line
Setting out line
Crossfall/
Superelevation
Centrifugal
force
Reaction
Weight
Superelevation
To counter balancethe centrifugal
force
Superelevation is tilting the roadway to help offset the centrifugalforce developed as the vehicle goes around a curve.
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tilted road surface
A
A
Positive
crossfall (%)
horiz. ref.
S.O.L become a
point in this
sectional viewSection A-A
Setting out line (S.O.L.)
A curved road
Direction forincreasing the
chainage numbers
CH 10
CH 30
CH 50
h
x
Crossfall =(h/x)100 %
Superelevation
P t J i
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Pavement
Concrete surface
Bituminous surface
Joints
longitudinal & lateral
Rigid pavement
Flexible pavement
Joints are requiredfor (1) construction
(2) Allowing movement& preventing crackingof pavements
M t J i t
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Movement Joint
Movement joint
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Verge
Verge
Without the verge,thesight distance can besubstantially reduced
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Highway Verge
A turned road
without verge
A turned road with
verge (no blockage)
Verge
Verge can (1) increase the sight distance, (2) improve thedriving comfort, (3) enhance road safety, (4) increase thespeed limit of the road. It should be unblocked but couldprovide temporary parking space under emergency
situations
Very short
sight distance
Sight distance
can be
increased
substantially
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NOTES
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS
STATED OTHERWISE,
2. ALL COORDINATES GIVEN IN THIS DRAWING ARE
BASED ON THE 1980 GAUSS CONFORMAL COORDINATE
SYSTEM UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE.
3. ALL LEVELS ARE IN METERS ABOVE PRINCIPAL DATUM
UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE.
4. SUPERELEVATION SHALL BE APPLIED BY PIVOTING
ABOUT THE SETTING OUT LINE UNLESS NOTED
OTHERWISE.
5.
Sectional view(Looking into the paper is)
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6. HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT NOTATIONS
L = 40m => 40m SPIRAL LENGTH
LH = 400m => 400m LEFT HAND RADIUS CURVE
RH = 400m => 400m RIGHT HAND RADIUS CURVE
7. VERTICAL ALIGNMENT NOTATIONS
VIP: VERTICAL INTERSECTION POINT
20m VC => 20m LONG VERTICAL CURVE (a smooth curve)
10% : SETTING OUT LINE GRADIENT
Both angles andcurvatures are
continuous at the two
ends of the curve
Spiral curveRight hand
radius curve
Left hand
radius curve
Increase in the
chainages of the
setting out line
R=400m R=400m
PLAN VIEW
Centre is at LHS
of the SOL
3 forms of linesStraightCircular ArcSpiral
Curvature =1/R
Curvature = 0=1/ NOTES
C t Sl
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Cut Slopes
S i f A Sl
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Section of A Slope
Ground profile of an existing slope
New platformto be created
Soil to be excavated
Soil to be filled
Cut slope
Fill slope
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Crest ofthe slopeToe of the
slope
Just a thick linein a drawing
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Settingout line(S.O.L.)
Plan view Longitudinal Section
Cross Sections
Read the drawingssimultaneously
(along the S.O.L.)
Highway Plan
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Highway Plan
latitude
longitude
Based onthe 1980Gaussconformalcoordinatesystem
Cut slope
Crest
BermToe
Symbolshowing thenorthdirection
Contour lines (unit:mPD) representing the
existing ground profile
Existing house which may
be affected by the roadconstruction
Chainage along theS.O.L.
Setting out line(S.O.L.)
central divider
RETAININGWALL
Cut slope
Cut slope
Cut slope
Fill slope
L n it din l S ti n ( l th tti t li )
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Enlarged
Gives horiz.reference
VIP 1Elevation =36.961mPD
VC (a parabolic curve)
Enlarged
Gradient of the
SOL
=76-54
superelevation
sprial sprialRight hand radius curve
L=left carriageway
R=right carriagewayExtent of the plan
25.846
=(54+22/2)0.171+25.846(270-76+11+5)0.1+36.961=
Longitudinal Section (along the setting out line)
Existing groundprofile
Highway Plan
1:500
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Highway Plan
latitude
longitude
Based onthe 1980Gaussconformalcoordinatesystem
Cut slope
Crest
BermToe
Cut slope
Cut slope
Cut slope
Retaining wallSymbolshowingthe northdirection
Contour lines (unit:mPD) representing the
existing ground profile
Existing house which may
be affected by the roadconstruction
Chainage along theS.O.L.
Setting out line(S.O.L.)
central divider
RH=45m
CH150
CH150CH170
CH170
1:500
Spiral curveLength =40m
Straight line
C i
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Cross Section
Retaining wall
Railing
U-channel
U-channel
U-channel
U-channel U-channel
Cut slope
Cut slope
Left
carriageway
Right
carriageway
Crossfall 7%Crossfall 10%
Bedrock profile
Vertical level in mPD
C S i
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Leftcarriageway
Rightcarriageway
Crossfall 7%Crossfall 10%
Cross Section