Download - Participatory Rural Appraisal
Participatory Rural Appraisal
RWSSP-LIS Training for SPMU Officials
20-22 March, 2014UP Academy of Administration,
Lucknow
Participatory Rural Appraisal
RRA
• Rapid Rural Appraisal• 1970s – 80s
PRA
• Participatory Rural Appraisal• 1980s – 90s
PLA
• Participatory Learning & Action• 1990s – 00s
From where did these come
Farming System research – recognition of diversity & complexity
Soc22ial Anthropology – recognized richness of indigenous knowledge
Core aspects of PRA
Methods(timeline, wealth
ranking, etc)
Sharing (knowledge, ideas,
insights, etc)
Behaviour & Attitudes (mindset,
cultural/social compulsions, etc)
VISUAL
What is PRA
PRA is intended to enable local communities to conduct their own analysis and to plan and
take action. PRA involves project staff learning together with
villagers about the village. The aim of PRA is to help strengthen the capacity of villagers to plan,
make decisions, and to take action towards improving their
own situationwell-being.
PRA : Principles, Methods and Benefits
Principles and methods Benefits
From ‘they learn from us’ to ‘we learn from them’.
. From ‘we let them participate’ to ‘they take command of their own process’.
Empowering the poor and weak to assert their priorities, make demands and act.
From ‘we’ve done a PRA’ to ‘we admit being corrected by people’.
From ‘we use instruments from our toolbox’ to ‘they can map, model, estimate, score, analyse, plan themselves’.
Expression and harnessing of local diversity.
From ‘we share our knowledge analysis with them’ to ‘we enable them to learn from each other and conduct their own analysis’.
Offsetting biases: spatial, project, gender/elite, seasonal calendar.
Community participatory appraisal, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
Rapid progressive learning, which is flexible, exploratory, interactive and inventive.
Triangulation: using different methods, sources and disciplines, and a range of informants in a range of places and cross checking to get closer to the truth through successive approximations.
Identification of research priorities; experts more receptive to the ability of rural poor to design, implement and evaluate.
Facilitation: to enable people to do more or all of the investigation themselves and own the outcome.
Insights gained from PRA leading to policy change.
Sharing: a culture of sharing information, methods, field experiences among NGOs, government and villagers.
Behaviour and attitudes: critical self-awareness in external facilitators, learning from errors.
A culture of open learning among stakeholders.
Rapport formation
Understanding
Reframing
Solution searching
Solution p[lanning & commitment development
Implementation – Plan development
Evaluation & adjustment
Ending & Consolidation
Eight Stages in Problem Solving with PRA
Sustained ownership of process, input, output and outcome (Results)
PRA - Tools
INTERVIEWS – semi structured; key informant
Maps – Social Maps; Resource Maps
Calendars / Schedules• Seasonal Calendar• Labour Scgedules• Daily Routines
Wealth RankingProblem Ranking
Wenn Diagram on Institutions
Standard Direct Observation
WENN / Chapati Diagram : Institutional Mapping
PHEDGPWSC/VWSC
Gram Panchayat
NBA – IHHL / SLWM
Primary Health Centre
Village Police
Station
Village Education Committe
e
Seasonal Calendar
Item WINTER SUMMER MONSOON
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CROP
Tomato
Rice
Economy
Daily earning
Drinking Water
Availability
WEALTH RANKING
Wealth Ranking isd a PRA method that determines economic attributes of households in a village – against indicators determined by the villagers themselves. Rich Household Average Household Poor Household
Pucca House Semi Pucca House Katcha House
Land ownership : 5 acres + Land ownership: 1-5 acres Landless
Cattle : 10 cows + Cattle: 5-10 cows Cattle : Nil