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Parts of a Cell
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Plant and Animal Cells- Looking Inside Cells
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Cell Wall
• Plants only• Outer layer, rigid, strong, stiff; made of
cellulose• Support, protection, allow movement of
materials in and out
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Cell membrane
• Both plants and animal cell• Plant- inside of cell wall– Animals- outer layer; made of cholesterol– Selectively permeable
• Support and protection– Controls movement of materials in an out of cell– Barrier between cell and its environment– Maintain homeostasis
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nucleus
• Both• Large, oval• Controls cell activities
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- Looking Inside Cells
Nucleus
•The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.
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NUCLEUOLUS
• BOTH• INSIDE OF NUCLEUS• HOLDS GENETIC INFO
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Nuclear membrane
• Both• Surrounds nucleus; selectively permeable• Controls movement of materials in/out of
nucleus
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cytoplasm
• Both• Clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles
found inside cell membrane• Support and protection of cell’s organelles
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Endoplasmic reticulum
• Both• Network of tubes or membranes• Carries materials through cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
•The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.
- Looking Inside Cells
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ribosomes
• Both• Small bodies free or attached to E.R.• Produces proteins
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mitochondrion
• Both• Bean shaped with inner membranes• Breakes down sugar molecules into energy
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Mitochondrion
•Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
- Looking Inside Cells
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vacuole
• Plants have large but only a few– Animals have really small
• Fluid filled sacs• Store food, water, waste– Plants need it big to store large amounts of food
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lysosome
• Plants rarely– animals common
• small, round, with a membrane• Breaks down larger food molecules into
smaller moleculesdigests old cell parts
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chloroplast
• Plants only• Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll• Uses energy from sun to make food for the
plant
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Golgi Body
•The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
- Looking Inside Cells