Parts of the Prokaryotic Cell
Check your Understanding
1) What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
2) What are the parts of a nucleus and where are they located?
3) What types of organisms have prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
4) What are the parts of a prokaryotic cell and what are their functions?
Review
• What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
• What types of organisms have prokaryotic cells?
• What types of organisms have eukaryotic cells?
Main Difference?
• Yeah, that’s right…the nucleus!
Eukaryotic (“true kernel”) = true nucleus
Prokaryotic (“before kernel”) = before nucleus
orrrrr…. Pro = no
Parts of the Nucleus
• Nuclear envelope: 2 membranes surrounding the nucleus
• Nuclear pores: holes in the envelope that allow substances in and out
• Nucleoplasm: “cytoplasm of the nucleus”; this is where DNA is found
• Nucleolus: small region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made
So if prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, where is their DNA?
• Prokaryotic DNA is found in a region of the cytoplasm called the “nucleoid region”
• Not coiled into linear (X-shaped) chromosomes; unwound in a circular structure
Parts of the Prokaryotic Cell
• Cell Wall
• Cell Membrane
• Ribosomes
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleoid Region
+ DNA
• Flagellum
Cell Organelles that are NOT Found in Prokaryotes
• Anything with a membrane around it! (AKA membrane-bound organelles)
• Ex: ER, Golgi, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Organisms
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Mostly unicellular (one cell) organisms
Examples: bacteria
Mostly multicellular (many cells) organisms
Examples: animals, plants, fungi, protists
So What’s a “Protist”?• A unicellular (one-celled) eukaryote
• Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena
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