Download - Pathways to Nursing
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PATHWAYS OF TEACHING
NURSINGKeeping it real!
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Choose the Shape that is MOST APPEALING to you
Consider both FORM and COLOR
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CAREFREE PLAYFUL CHEERFUL
You love a free and spontaneous life. And you attempt to enjoy itto the fullest, in accordance with the motto:
"You only live once."
You are very curious and open about everything new; you thriveon change. Nothing is worse than when you feel tied down. Youexperience your environment as being versatile and always goodfor a surprise.
INDEPENDENT UNCONVENTIONALUNFETTERED
You demand a free and unattached life for yourself that allows you
to determine your own course. You have an artistic bent in yourwork or leisure activities. Your urge for freedom sometimes causesyou to do exactly the opposite of what expected of you.
Your lifestyle is highly individualistic. You would never blindly imitatewhat is "in"; on the contrary, you seek to live according to your ownideas and convictions, even if this means swimming against the
tide.
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INTROSPECTIVE SENSITIVEREFLECTIVE
You come to grips more frequently and thoroughly with yourself
and your environment than do most people. You detestsuperficiality; you'd rather be alone than have to suffer throughsmall talk. But your relationships with your friends are verystrong, which gives you the inner tranquility and harmony thatyou require. You do not mind being alone for extended periods oftime; you rarely become bored.
DOWN TO EARTH WELL-BALANCEDHARMONIOUS
You value a natural style and love that which is uncomplicated.People admire you because you have both feet planted firmly on theground and they can depend on you. You give those who are closeto you security and space. You are perceived as being warm andhuman. You reject everything that is garish and trite. You tend to beskeptical toward the whims of fashion trends. For you, clothing hasto be practical and unobtrusively elegant.
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PEACEFUL DISCREET NON-AGGRESSIVE
You are easy-going yet discreet. You make friends effortlessly,
yet enjoy your privacy and independence. You like to get awayfrom it all and be alone from time to time to contemplate themeaning of life and enjoy yourself. You need space, so youescape to beautiful hideaways, but you are not a loner. You areat peace with yourself and the world, and you appreciate life andwhat this world has to offer.
PROFESSIONAL PRAGMATIC SELF-ASSURED
You take charge of your life, and place less faith in your luck andmore in your own deeds. You solve problems in a practical,uncomplicated manner. You take a realistic view of the things in yourdaily life and tackle them without wavering. You are given a greatdeal of responsibility at work, because people know that you can bedepended upon.
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DYNAMIC ACTIVE EXTROVERTED
You are quite willing to accept certain risks and to make a strongcommitment in exchange for interesting and varied work.
Routine, in contrast, tends to have a paralyzing effect on you.
What you like most is to be able to play an active role in events.In doing so, your initiative is highly pronounced.
ROMANTIC DREAMY EMOTIONAL
You are a very sensitive person. You refuse to view things only froma sober, rational standpoint. What your feelings tell you is just as
important to you. In fact, you feel it is important to have dreams inlife, too.
You reject people who scorn romanticism and are guided only byrationality. You refuse to let anything confine the rich variety of yourmoods and emotions.
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ANALYTICAL TRUSTWORTHY SELF-ASSURED
Your momentary sensitivity represents that which is of high
quality and durable. Consequently, you like to surround yourselfwith little "gems," which you discover wherever they areoverlooked by others.
Thus, culture plays a special role in your life. You have foundyour own personal style, which is elegant and exclusive, freefrom the whims of fashion. Your ideal, upon which you base your
life, is cultured pleasure. You value a certain level of culture onthe part of the people with whom you associate.
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THE PATH OF LEARNINGTHROUGH
RELATIONSHIPS
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
I doubt that you can make any mistake that Ihave not already made. The difference is, I knowhow to get out of it. Come to me when you make amistake and let me help you get out of it.
I m not running a popularity. contest I don t care whether they.like me or not
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
Students LEARN when they are PEACEFUL and CALM like their instructor.
STRESS and ONE UPMANSHIP are definitely DETRIMENTAL to learning.
According to Tim Sanders book The Likeability Factor
students who perceive a more positive student-professor relationshipand like their professors may be more motivated to learn because thepresence of the professor is rewarding to them, and they care more
about obtaining the approval of the professor.
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
Sanders book can be summed up in one word, the wordLIKE.
K
Listen with empathy. Connect with the students wants andneeds.LInvest in relevance. Teach those things that they must
know and find useful.
I
E
Keep friendly. Being unfriendly has been documented ascounterproductive in the learning process.
Emanate your real self. Friendship and empathy cannot befaked.
O G O G O S S
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
Big things include RESPECT
S
Reach the students with your eyes when you talk. Look at them and letthem know with your look that you care about them. If there aredisagreements, approach them with the spirit of resolution.REmpower them with knowledge.E
P
Show them by modeling. Model how to initiate relationships and how tonurture themselves and others.
Practice what you preach.
E Enlist ownership.
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
Collaborate with students in their learning and encourage them tocollaborate with each other. This is a partnership not a competition.CTry loving them and holding high expectationsT
RESPECT is an excellent way to develop TRUST between yourself andstudents.
Relationships with students are founded on our relationship with ourselves asindividuals.
If you find yourself in a hole, quit digging.
Authenticity plays a large part in relationshipsand respect.
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
A lack ofauthenticity orhonesty is sensed by the student and is very damaging to all
relationships.
Relationships are built and enhanced through respectful communication.
Communication is a way to alleviate fears and a way to make the student moreconfident.
Intent and tone of that content will make or break relationships.Caring communication is way at the top of the list for establishing relationships.
According to Nathan Schwartz Salants The Mystery of Human Relationship.
Relationships are not only forms of exchange of energy and function
between people but also living structures which regulate a persons senseof identity and well being.
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
Nothing in relationship building precludes holding the learner accountable orlowering
educational standards
Learners, like everyone, must know where the boundaries are.
Do not avoid disagreements; infuse them with grace and with the spirit reaching a win win resolution. This provides an environment where students can learn.
INSPIRE is to breathe life into another
Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is; treat a man as he can andshould be and he will become as he can and should be. -Goethe
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH RELATIONSHIPS
I Inner security
NNothing is as fast as the speed ofTRUST
S
Stretch ourselves to develop skills thatequal the challenges with students
PPersonal moral authority
IIntegrity
R Relate to self
EEmpathize
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THE PATH OF LEARNING
THROUGHENGANGEMENT AND
EMPOWERMENT
THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT
One of the ways to enhance their motivation is to get them into hospitals and other
clinical settings as student nurses AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
It is hard for the student to learn and remember if they cant figure out a way to use theprocess.
If it cannot be used, why are you teaching it?
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT
Wilsons (1994) qualitative study of baccalaureate nursing students in a senior-level clinical
course reports that students tend to equate learning with the first time performance ormastery of a growing of psychomotor skills.
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT
Critical thinking and clinical reasoning must be taught on day 1.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH ENGAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT
Engagement and Empowerment are two of the most important paths.
Determine how to use them throughout the entire teaching learning program.
Results will be: students who:
Exhibit self control,Self- management, andAre self organizing
These students will have a DEEP desire to be an outstanding nurse
DD DriveEE Energy
EEEnthusiasm
PP Passion
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THE PATH OF LEARNING
THROUGHCOLLABORATION
THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH COLLABORATION
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THE PATH OF LEARNING THROUGH COLLABORATION
The desire to work together is an advantage
vhe who teaches learns the most
No worries of grouping the same students for a semester
This is not a competition
Collaboration leads to learning from mistakes with fewer traumas
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THE PATH OFLEARNING WITH
OWNERSHIP
THE PATH OF LEARNING WITH OWNERSHIP
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THE PATH OF LEARNING WITH OWNERSHIP
Our role is not to fill their box with every detail known
Our role is to light the fire from within
vwe need to inspire them to take ownership of their educationalprocessv
The key to success is not only having the best answer, but being able to ask the
best questions
ACRONYM FOR L.E.A.R.N (ideal conditions under which adults learn best)
LLLearner feels the new to learn
EE Espouse the goals of learning as theirown
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THE PATH OF LEARNING WITH OWNERSHIP
AA Active in the learning process
RR Responsibility is shared form planningand implementing the learning process
NNNurturing environment conducive for trust,
respect and helpfulness
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THE PATH OFPRIORITIZING CONTENT
FOR PRESENTATION
THE PATH OF PRIORITZING CONTENT FOR PRESENTATION
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What if your chapter is 100pages long and you have only 1
hour to lecture on it?
Say to yourself, If I had only onething that I could tell the learnerabout this content, what would itbe?
Q:Q:
A:A:
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After you have identified the THING that they must remember, how areyou going to help them remember it?
Make use ofIMAGES
EXAMPLE:
SALTY
CUSHY CARL
HIGH IN SUGARHOLDING
WATER
VOLUME ANDPRESSURE
WEIGH MORE ANDHYPERTENSION
HYPERGLYCEMIA
SORE IN LEGSWONT HEAL
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SAFETY GUIDELINES IN PRIORITIZING
SSSystem specific assessment
AA Accuracy orders & assignments
FFFirsts
EE Evaluating pharmacology
TTTeach and test infection control
YY CYA (CoverYourAssets)
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Teaching Conceptually conceptual teaching
We can apply a concept to other situations like hypo and hyperglycemia inCushings, TPN, corticosteroids
e.g. Diabetes Mellitus in one hour
The most important thing is that the learner will have learned in a way they canapply the content to many different situations
Next path is to SIMPLIFY
Make the complicated simple is one of the most important concepts in teaching
Use simple and easy words
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FLUIDS
INCREASE FLUID = INCREASEWEIGHT
EXTRA FLUID WILL GO
SOMEWHERE ELSE
PRIORITY ASSESSMENT IS TOLOOK INTO THE LUNGS
SHORTNESS OF BREATH ANDCONGESTION
USE STETHOSCOPE
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Least we can do sit them up
Diuretics will likely be prescribed loop diuretic
How do we know? Check lung sounds, MIO
SECRET sum up of important concept
SSStart where the learner is and know they wont prepare ahead of time
EE Elicit the use of image to increase memory
CCConnect a new concept to one that learners already knows
RR Remember to simplify the concept
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EE Empower the learner with actions
TT Teach concepts rather than disease process
SS SAFETY can be utilized to prioritize
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THE PATH OF UTILIZINGTECHNOLOGY IN
NURSING EDUCATION
THE PATH OF UTILIZING TECHNOLOGY IN NURSING EDUCATION
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Technology
deals with human as well as other animal species' usage and knowledgeof tools and crafts, and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt
to its natural environment.
Facts about Technology
qSometimes technology is our best friend and on occasion our greatest foe.q
qTechnology makes you feel empowered.q
qTechnology let you experience transformation.q
qTechnology empowers you to do more in a less time.
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Problems Encountered
vThe Nintendo generation requires multiple stimuli to process and retaininformation.
vvUsing the method of repetition. Repetition is well known for assisting students inretention of data, but there is little time to cover the basics much less time forrepetition in classroom.v
vStudents expect that a faculty delivered lecture will cover the most important
content and that memorization of this information is sufficient for success.
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Technological Advancements
provide the vehicle for improvinglearning experiences an d an
opportunity for us, as faculty, to modelour value of lifelong learning byadmitting what we do not know andfinding and utilizing reputableresources- both literary and human, toassist us in our learning journey.
Goal:
To serve as impetus for atransformation of traditional teaching of bothseasoned and technologically literate facultyand empowering them to use technology
beyond merely communication modem orinformation storage system.
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Key Relationships: The Secret toTechnological SuccessqPathway to Technology Number 1:
Initiate and establish a good rapport andworking relationship with your institutionstechnology department (ITD)When you begin utilizing technologybeyond your comfort zone, you will needsomeone you can contact 24/7.qPathway to Technology Number 2:Find a mentor, someone who is eager tohelp you in use new technology and whokeeps abreast of the best software andtechnological advancements.A good mentor sifts through technological
innovations and keeps you informed andupdated on the information best suited toyour teaching style and your studentsneed.
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qPathway to Technology Number 3:Use your newly acquired technology asquickly and as frequently as possible.q
Repetition is a major key to developingcompetence.q
qPathway to Technology Number 4:Share the wealth- Be a Mentor. Learn it, Doit, Teach it
qqPathway to Technology Number 5:Use your institutions course managementsystem to enhance learning and to saveyourself time.q
qPathway to Technology Number 6:Technology is only as good as its contents.q
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Advantage of Blending Online courses and Traditional Learning
Blending online teaching with live experience provides positive outcomes forboth the student and teacher.
Blended or Hybrid courses are those that include online and in class activitiesand encourage independent learning.
It provides the student with the information most important to know andunderstand before lecture.
Faculty are not only spared precious class time covering basic knowledge,administering quizzes, etc., but instantly maintain an ongoing record of eachstudents investment in preparing for class and the course- a valuable insights.
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Key Technologies AvailableCourse Management System (CMS)
A CMS is a method for faculty to organize and publish a course online.These systems provide excellent opportunities for teaching, learning, and
ongoing communication with course enrolled students and are most frequentlyused by online courses and programs.
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Most commonly purchased CMS:
1.WebCT: http://www.webct.com/
1.2. Blackboard: http://www.blackboard.com
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3. ANGEL (A new Global Environment for Learning)-http://www.angellearning.com/
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4. Moodle: http://moodle.org/
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Applications Available in Course Management SystemsFour Primary Purposes
Communication
Learning
Assessment and Evaluation
An archive of Course and Activities and Events
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Communication Uses
Syllabus- a CMS publishes this information 24/7 in the world as long as theenrolled student has internet access.
Course Policies with Hyperlinks to Program and/or University Policies-students can with the touch of a button see how one policy flows from another andthe connectedness.
Students maintain easy, electronic access to the rules.
WARNING: Do not make changes in the course syllabus or policies during thesemester unless legal advises the immediate revision.
Course Calendar- The course calendar provides a quick reference for you and thestudent to view what is to occur from one day to the next throughout the semester,such as lecture topics for the day with a hyperlink to the reading assignment and
lecture objectives, assignments due, and events, including student nursingassociation meetings and other objectives.
Email- CMS keeps a copy of each email exchanged during the entire course andstores this information when the course is saved at the end of the semester.
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Discussion Boards- The discussion boards is a method of exchanginginformation and ideas among students, faculty, and entire class if desired.
-it allows difficult concepts to be addressed.-it decreases the guilt that you may experience after clarifying a concept for oneperson.
Student Performance- CMS keeps the student informed of every grade in thecourse when you, the faculty, are ready for the student to retrieve it. Students merelyaccess the My Grades icon in the CMS course and determine not only the gradefor every assignment, exam, and quiz, but also his/ her ongoing average for thecourse.
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CMS Teaching and Learning Resources
QuizzesA CMS provides a template for developing and administering tests using
multiple choice, true/false, fill- in the blank, and essay questions.
a. The Assessment and Evaluation Quiz
Advantages:It can be designed based on the purpose intended.
It utilizes Blooms cognitive levels of knowledge and comprehension of theinformation the student was required to learn prior to class.
Students can gain access to lecture notes or outlines.
Evaluation quizzes can be available for students following the classroom
experience using higher levels of Blooms Taxonomy.
b. The External Quiz- A win- win Learning Experience
The student can take the quiz as many times as he/she wants until the gradedesired is achieved.
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GamingThe term game indicates fun may actually be an outcome of theexperience.
a.The Discussion Board as a Learning Toolouse discussion board to post hyperlinks to specific websites and toentice students to access the sites by guaranteeing a 100% quizscore of they select, read, and post on the discussion board.o
A synopsis of one of the listed articles
Cite the reference
Identify how the article effect nursing practice
Describe their personal reactions
b. Online Assignments- The Paperless ClassroomoA paperless course eliminates problems and reduces the use of paper,ink, and in many cases, faculty time.
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oFaculty can create templates of assignments, include directions, and then
publish via the CMS course and students can download it and submit.
c.SurveysoThe survey application of a CMS allows questions to be addressedanonymously, with limited faculty effort and eliminates the disturbance ofclass time to gather the data.
My PagesA resource page that includes some of the most valuable and reliableresources sites for the students is beneficial on directing students todifferentiate legitimate versus questionable Internet sites and sources.
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Resources- Critical Resources Sites for Nursing Education
American Nurses Associations Nursing World: http://www.nursingworld.org/
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Center for Disease Control (CDC): http://www.cdc.gov/
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National Institutes of Health: http://www.nih.gov/
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Assessment and Evaluation Abilities of the CMS
A CMS is the easiest way to expedite the continuous quality improvementprocess. Formative and summative assessment, improvement/learning, and
evaluation can be studied on multiple levelsindividual student, course, faculty,clinical experience, and program.
Archives and StorageA CMS allows faculty to save and store each course taught.
Programs Beyond the CMS
Respondus-A Teachers Best Friend http://www.respondus.com/
oa test development and bank that stores questions from all your courses.Respondus allows you to maintain ongoing test bank files that can be easily
downloaded into any course.o
The Respondus Test Bank Network
oProvides online access to downloadable test banks from identified authorsand publishers.
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StudyMate 1.1oan innovative application that provides templates for faculty to developand download learning games for students.
The Infamous Powerpoint by Microsoft- Boring versus Invigorating
The teachers is what brings out the power in PowerPoint.
How do we emphasize the power in PowerPoint?
The organization and presentation of the content is crucial.
Converting lecture material into a show is invigorating.
The content needs to come alive.
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Transforming Lecture intoTheater
Images- Add images
to your slides.
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Sounds- Stimulating as many senses as possible during lecture is important.
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Movies- Experience Hollywood; make a movie! Develop a short film to play beforeclass.
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Games
Virtual Classroom
Now teachers and students anywhere in the world, can connect and meet live in theVirtual Classroom for an online interactive class.
Elluminateoa software that provides the opportunity for audio/video streaming- live and/
or recorded classroom experiences, web conferencing, instant messaging andmore.
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THE PATH TO KEEPINGCLINICAL ASSIGNMENT
REALThey may forget what you said, but they will never forget how you made themfeel.
- Carl W. Buechner
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Clinical Teaching is not supervision, it is guidance. It is something that you do,not something that you let happen and then evaluate.
Establishing relationships
let the students know that you have been in their shoes and you are there to helpthemask the learner how you can help them be successfulteaching them quick, real-time assessment skills
Pre-conference
assign manual, one drug handbook and one nursing bookhave a copy of the care plan on concept map that the agency usesWho is going to do the bed and bath while the students are in preconference?
We need to establish relationship with the staffKnow the agency agreement the department of nursing is responsible for thestudent learning
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Planning ahead is a beautiful thing. It allows everyone to have a paradigm shiftwithout a crisis.Is giving a bath, the best time to do an assessment?
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Facts:
Many new graduates are scared to go to their first job because they do not have acare plan on all their patients.
They dont know how to do a quick surveyWe need to help them learn how to prioritize. Let them learn using experientiallearning so that they can think on their feet.Many nursing care plans are utilized by faculty as documentation for a clinicalgrade
In nursing education, the faculty members serves as the primary role-modelinitiating the students into the profession. - Wiseman (1994)
T Technical know-how Thinking (Critical)
IInterpersonal Effectiveness
P Professional Role Behaviors
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To keep clinical assignment real, then successive assignment should build oneach students progress. A sequence of experiences, that has both continuity andconnection is important. (Fothergill Bourbonnais and Higuchi, 1995, p.40)
T Technical Skill development
A
Responsiveness to an increasing number of client variablesRAbility to organize and manage a complex assignmentAchieve independence in making decisions of clinical judgements
C Complex care demands are able to be managed
K Knowledge to be able to recognize typical, then atypical patterns ofresponseS Safety
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THE PATH TO REAL
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THE PATH TO REALCLINICAL EVALUATION
The secret of joy in work is contained in one word Excellence. To know how to
do something well is to enjoy it. Pearl S. Buck
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qThe clinical evaluation tool is one of the most important pieces of paper in acourse.
qqEvaluation tools should be customized depending on the course objectives.
qqProgram objectives should be carried through in the clinical objectives and shouldoriginate with the objectives of the university or college.
qNational Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) 200 minimum standardsof RN Practice Analysis that supplies the framework for the NCLEX-RN exam.
qqClinical evaluation is about the learner being safe and effective as a practitioner
qqStandards of Nursing Examples:
oFive rights of medication administrationoInfection control standards
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qDue process if the student fails tomeet the objectives, the faculty shoulddocument, counsel, and tell the
consequenceqqNeeds improvement
qThere is NO written work that should begraded.q
qMake sure that the learner has theopportunity to meet the course objectivesthrough their clinical experiencesq
qProvide them with a challenge and givethem the guidance
qSetting up assign poor students toa sick patient. Watch, document & helpthem with the tough decision making.
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Sample Clinical Assignment/
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Meet the dress code and professional behaviour
Determine if vital signs are abnormalAssess peripheral pulses
PASS FAILApply principles of infection control
Verify identity of the clientAssess client discomfort or painProtect client from injuryIdentify changes in respiratory statusDocument client careNotify others of clients change in status
qWe have to start teaching and modeling clinical reasoning early. DAY ONE. If we
do not, they just dont get it.q
qAnother key component is providing feedback to the learner that will beinformational as well as positively assist in professional growth and development.
o
Evaluation Tool
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qWe have to start teaching and modeling clinical reasoning early. DAY ONE. If wedo not, they just dont get it.
qAnother key component is providing feedback to the learner that will be
informational as well as positively assist in professional growth and development.
EE Expectations AA Accountability RR Reinforcement (Feedback)
qEXPECTATIONSWhether you think you can or you cant, you are right!by: Henry FordPositive expectationsq
qACCOUNTABILITY
Take responsibility for both their actions and failure to act.What has supposed to happen?What actually happened?What accounts for any differences?What can be learned?
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q
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qREINFORCEMENTIf we want improvement, we have to reinforce improvementTypes of Feedback:
MotivationalInformationalDevelopmental
II Issue
SS Solution - use how and what
SS State options for improvement
UU Use reinforcement for positive responses
EE Exit
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F OUU RR
BIG