1
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected GasTurbine using Adaptive Modeling
Laboratory of Thermal TurbomachinesNational Technical University of Athens
I. Roumeliotis K. Mathioudakis N. Aretakis
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Analysis of TwinPerformance Analysis of Twin--Spool Water injected Gas Spool Water injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive ModelingTurbines using Adaptive Modeling
§Constitution of a Performance Model
§Elements of Adaptive Modeling
§Implementation to an Engine
§Study of Gas Turbine Behavior
§Components Behavior
§Water Injection Effect on Engine Diagnostics
§Conclusions
3
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Constitution of a Performance ModelConstitution of a Performance Model
Desire to represent the performance of an individual engine as accurately as possible in all situations
W.I.
2
W.I.
1 W.I.
4
W.I.
5
4
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Analysis of TwinPerformance Analysis of Twin--Spool Water injected Gas Spool Water injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive ModelingTurbines using Adaptive Modeling
§Constitution of a Performance Model
§Elements of Adaptive Modeling
§Implementation to an Engine
§Study of Gas Turbine Behavior
§Components Behavior
§Water Injection Effect on Engine Diagnostics
§Conclusions
5
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Elements of Adaptive modelsElements of Adaptive models
Actual Engine
Engine Model
Do data match?
Adjust model Parametersthrough MFs
Measured variables / Available Data
Predicted variables
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
The meaning of Modification factorsThe meaning of Modification factors
Transformation of component performance mapsPr
essu
re R
atio
Corrected Mass Flow
krefp
kpk x
xf
,,
,=
kpx ,
krefpx ,,
: Actual value for parameter
: Reference value for parameter
7
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Analysis of TwinPerformance Analysis of Twin--Spool Water injected Gas Spool Water injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive ModelingTurbines using Adaptive Modeling
§Constitution of a Performance Model
§Elements of Adaptive Modeling
§Implementation to an Engine
§Study of Gas Turbine Behavior
§Components Behavior
§Water Injection Effect on Engine Diagnostics
§Conclusions
8
LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Implementation to a selected Engine
§5 stage LPC
§14 stage HPC with 6 V.G.S.§2 stage air – cooled HPT
§5 stage LPT
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Implementation to a selected Engine
Engine Data
§Data for the Nominal Operating Conditions
§Thermodynamic Analysis
§Create Components Initial Characteristics
Adaptation
§Initial Adaptation to Nominal Operating Conditions
§Acquire Operating Data Points
§Determination of MFs according to Available Data
§Determination of new Components Characteristics
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Implementation to a selected Engine
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
0 10 20 30 40Ambient Temp. oC
Sha
ft P
ower
(MW
)
7800
8000
8200
8400
8600
8800
9000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Ambient Temp. oC
Shaf
t hea
t Rat
e (B
tu/k
Whr
)
Present Model
Dry dataSteam Inj. data
Water Inj. Data
Load Schedule
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Analysis of TwinPerformance Analysis of Twin--Spool Water injected Gas Spool Water injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive ModelingTurbines using Adaptive Modeling
§Constitution of a Performance Model
§Elements of Adaptive Modeling
§Implementation to an Engine
§Study of Gas Turbine Behavior
§Components Behavior
§Water Injection Effect on Engine Diagnostics
§Conclusions
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Prediction
Control Parameter
§Low Pressure Turbine Inlet Temperature
§Compressor Discharge Temperature (Tamb>15oC)
Test Cases
§Evaporative Cooling via Water Injection
§Intercooling via Water Injection
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Evaporative CoolingEvaporative Cooling
Operation with constant CDT results in a Slight Higher Gain in Load
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Ambient Temperature (oC)
Load
/(Loa
d)re
f
CDT constantLPTIT constantCDT constant & Ev. CoolingLPTIT constant & Ev. Cooling
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Evaporative CoolingEvaporative Cooling
Operation with constant CDT results in a Slight Higher Gain in Thermal Efficiency
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Ambient Temperature (oC)
HR
/(HR
)ref
CDT constantLPTIT constantCDT constant & Ev. CoolingLPTIT constant & Ev. Cooling
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
IntercoolingIntercooling
For High Ambient Temperature operation with constant CDT results in an Important Load Gain
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Ambient Temperature (oC)
Load
/(Loa
d)re
f
CDT constantLPTIT constantCDT constant & intercoolingLPTIT constant & intercooling
water injection
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
IntercoolingIntercooling
For High Ambient Temperature operation with constant CDT results in Higher Gain
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Ambient Temperature (oC)
HR
/(HR
)ref
CDT constantLPTIT constantCDT constant & intercoolingLPTIT constant & intercooling
water injection
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Analysis of TwinPerformance Analysis of Twin--Spool Water injected Gas Spool Water injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive ModelingTurbines using Adaptive Modeling
§Constitution of a Performance Model
§Elements of Adaptive Modeling
§Implementation to an Engine
§Study of Gas Turbine Behavior
§Components Behavior
§Water Injection Effect on Engine Diagnostics
§Conclusions
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Component BehaviorComponent Behavior
Tamb = 15oC, Load varies from 30 to 50 MW
Low Pressure Compressor
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05Fraction of Design Air Flow
(πc-
1)/(π
c-1)
ref Dry
ChillingIntercoolingSteam Injection
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Component BehaviorComponent Behavior
Tamb = 15oC, Load varies from 30 to 50 MW
High Pressure Compressor
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15Fraction of Design Air Flow
(πc-
1)/(π
c-1)
ref
DryChillingIntercoolingSteam Injection
Increasing Load
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Component BehaviorComponent BehaviorLow Pressure Compressor
Load = 45MW, Tamb varies from -10 to 50 oC
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05Fraction of Design Air Flow
(πc-
1)/(π
c-1)
ref
DryChillingIntercoolingSteam Injection Intercooling in
Use (10oC)
Decreasing Tamb
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Component BehaviorComponent BehaviorHigh Pressure Compressor
Load = 45MW, Tamb varies from -10 to 50 oC
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15Fraction of Design Air Flow
(πc-
1)/(π
c-1)
ref
DryChillingIntercoolingSteam Injection
Increasing Tamb
Intercooling in Use
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Component BehaviorComponent BehaviorAdditional Information obtained for operation with Water
Injection
q
π
Original
Adapted
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Performance Analysis of TwinPerformance Analysis of Twin--Spool Water injected Gas Spool Water injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive ModelingTurbines using Adaptive Modeling
§Constitution of a Performance Model
§Elements of Adaptive Modeling
§Implementation to an Engine
§Study of Gas Turbine Behavior
§Components Behavior
§Water Injection Effect on Engine Diagnostics
§Conclusions
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
f1~W
f2~np
f3~W
f4~np
f5~Δpb
f6~nb
f7~Wf8~np
f9~Wf10~np
Engine DiagnosticsEngine Diagnostics
Pictorial view of MF on engine components
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Engine DiagnosticsEngine DiagnosticsMeasurement Deviation
Intercooling with Water Injection, Ww/Winletair = 0.02
LPTIP CDP N25 CDT LPTIT EGT-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5D
evia
tion
(%)
Load = ctTamb = 15oCRHamb = 30%
Monitoring Techniques based on Direct Observation of Measured Quantities may lead to erroneous conclusion if Water Injection is not taken into account
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
Engine DiagnosticsEngine DiagnosticsHealth Indices Deviation
f2 f3 f4 f7 f8 f9 f10-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Intercooling with Water Injection (Ww/Winletair=0.02)
Monitoring Techniques based on Health Parameters may lead to erroneous conclusion if Water Injection is not taken into account
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LABORATORY OF THERMAL TURBOMACHINESNATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
Performance Analysis of Twin-Spool Water Injected Gas Turbines using Adaptive Modeling
•Using appropriate procedure it is possible to estimate the engine performance even if limited information is available
•The structure of the model gives the ability of modeling water injection at various station and using different parameters as control variables.
•Data from water Injection gives additional information for determination of component characteristics
•Water Injection must be modeled for accurate diagnosis
ConclusionsConclusions