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Periodic Table:
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Periodic Table:
1834- 1907
Russian Scientist
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Dimitri Mendeleev:
Mendeleev was the first to relate the elements in a systematic logical way.
He listed them by order of increasing atomic mass
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Peridic Table
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Mendeleev:
He also rearranged the columns so that the more similar elements were next to each other.
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Periodic Table:
An arrangement of the elements according to similarities in physical and chemical properties.
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Henry Mosley
1887- 1915
British physicist
Rearranged the periodic table
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Henry MosleyMosley arranged the table according to atomic number
This is how we view the table today
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Modern Periodic Table:
Horizontal rows are called periods
There are seven periods
The number of elements ranges from 2 to 32
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Periods
The properties of the elements within a period change
The pattern of properties within a period is repetitive
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Periodic Law:
When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a repetition of physical and chemical properties.
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Modern Periodic Table:
Vertical columns are called groups
Each group is identified by a number and a letter
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Groups(two general categories)
Identified by numbers and letters
Group A- representative elements
They exhibit a wide range of both physical and chemical properties
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Representative elements:
Divided into three groups:1. Metals2. Non metals3. Metalloids
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Types of metals: *Types of group A metals:
1. Alkali metals (group 1A)Li, Na, K, Rd, Cs, Fr
2. Alkaline earth metals (group 2A)
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
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Other Metals:
A variety of metals with varying chemical and physical properties.
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Non- Metals: Elements such as Oxygen and Nitrogen are gases at room temperature
Some non- metals such as sulfur are solids at room temperature and are very brittle
One non- metal element, Bromine is liquid at room temperature
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Halogens
Group 7A non metals
Include elements such as Fluorine, Chlorine and Iodine and Bromine
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Noble GasesElements that make up the last group of the periodic table
Very stable elements that undergo few chemical reactions
Inert gases
Include, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon
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Groups continued:
Group B Metals:
represent the transition metals and inner transition metals
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Metals:
Properties of:1. Have high electrical conductivity2. Have a high luster3. They are ductile: can be drawn into wires4. They are malleable
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Non- metals:
Properties of:1. Non- lustrous2. Poor conductors of electricity
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Non- metals:
Some are gases; oxygen and chlorine
Some are brittle solids; sulfur
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Metalloids:
Elements with properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
Example; Silicon