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Periodic Table & Electrons
• Valence Electrons – electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom.
• Example: Silicon
• 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
• 4 valence electrons…
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Periodic Table & Electrons
• Representative elements (groups 1, 2, 13-18)
• Valence electrons = last number in the group number.
• Silicon Group 14 = 4 valence e- !
[http://academic.reed.edu/chemistry/roco/Lewis/images/periodic.gif]
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Periodic Table & Electrons
• Noble gases have 8 valence electrons.
• This property makes them inert, or unreactive.
Neon = 1s22s22p6
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Periodic Table & Electrons
• Other atoms form ions so that they have 8 electrons in the highest level.
[http://home.att.net/~cat6a/images/form_Na_ion.jpg]
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Ionization Energy• The energy needed to remove an
electron from an atom.
[http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/modern-atomic-theory/images/ionization-energy.jpg]
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[http://www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu/~grandinetti/teaching/Chem121/lectures/periodic%20trends/ionization_table.JPG]
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Ionization Energy
• There are also 2nd Ionization Energies (remove 2nd electron) and 3rd Ionization Energies (remove 3rd electron).
• Pg. 180
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Electronegativity
• The measurement of how much an atom “attracts” extra electrons.
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Atomic Radius
• Distance from the center of an atom to the outermost electron.
• Ba, Ca, Sr
[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter05/Text_Images/FG05_20-07UN.JPG]
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