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Persia and India
Unit 3
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Bellringer
• Write down what you remember from the video last class about the Persian Empire
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Agenda
• Bellringer• Religions Chart• Reading • Lecture • Timeline
– Homework Reading Ch 4.3 in textbook
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Objectives
• Describe Zoroastrianism within Persia• Explain Persians tolerance towards others
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Religions Chart
• Complete the Judaism Colum on your religions chart using your notes
• Complete Zoroastrianism column using pg 96
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Mesopotamia after the Sumerians
• Assyrians– Warrior people• From Northern Mesopotamia• Lack of natural barriers make them war like
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Assyrians Military
• Glorified military strength – Iron making technology • Iron swords, spear, and arrows
– Tactics– Engineering • Planned ahead
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Assyrian Treatment of Captive People
• Killed or enslaved captives• Moved conquered people away from their
homelands
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Assyrian Expansion
• First captured Mesopotamia and later Egypt and Anatolia
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Assyrian Rule
• Organized territories into provinces
• Emperies close people to govern areas or supported Kings who gave in to the Assyrians
• Taxes and tribute• Armies protect the empire
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Assyrian Culture
• War • Lion hunts• Capital city: Nineveh – Library
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Fall of the Assyrian Empire
• Had many enemies • Chaldean destroy Nineveh– Rebuilt Babylon – Hanging gardens
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Bellringer
• Pull out Grapes chart for Persia
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Agenda
• Review GRAPES Chart • Persia PowerPoint • Creation of timeline
• Homework: Ch 3.1 and 3.2 Worksheet
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Objective
• Summarize the key aspects of the Persian Empire.
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Pop Challenge
• Place in the correct order.– Phoenicians– Persians – Babylonians – Assyrians– Hebrews
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People of Mesopotamia
• Hebrews• Phoenicians• Assyrians
• All conquered by the Babylonians (the New Babylonians!)
• Then by the Persians
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Assyrian Empire
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(New) Babylon
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Persian Empire
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Babylonians
• King Nebuchadnezzar • Hanging Gardens (a Wonder
of the World)• Forced the Hebrews to
move to Babylon as slaves– Babylonian Captivity (also
called the Exile)
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Persians
• Conquered the Middle East, Egypt, modern-day Iran and Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and even into Europe
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1. Where would you find the oldest part of the Persian empire?
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2. When did the Persian empire reach its greatest extent?
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Cyrus the Great
• Founder of the Persian Empire• Conquered many lands• Known for his tolerance of other cultures and
religions• Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild
Jerusalem
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Cyrus the Great
• Called “the Great” because of his conquests, and because people loved him
• Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it
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Persian Tombs
• Known as the “king of kings”
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Cambyses
• Cyrus’ son. He’s not so great.• Cambyses is everything his father is not– Intolerant– Mean– Disliked
• When he dies, the empire falls apart
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Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #4
Power will collapse without respect
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Darius
• The winner of a mini-civil war was Darius• Not related to Cyrus, but carries on his
tradition• Creates the largest empire in the world up to
that time
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Darius
• Re-conquers the empire• Restores tolerance• Invades Greece• Creates the Persian imperial
achievements
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Persia’s Achievements
• Imperial bureaucracy• The Royal Road
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Imperial Bureaucracy
• Imperial = belonging to an empire• Bureaucracy = organizational structure in
government that is in charge of running things• Darius built a really good one to manage his
large empire
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The Royal Road
• Connected the major Persian cities• Important for:– Communication (messenger system)– Trade– Moving armies
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3. Where were the two endpoints of the Royal Road?
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Persian Religion
• Called Zoroastrianism, named after the prophet Zoroaster
• Monotheistic – Ahura Mazda• Based on conflict between good and evil• People choose sides and their soul is rewarded
for choosing well
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Persia Timeline
• Create a timeline of the Persian Empire– Label at 5 major events in Persian History – Write a Description for each event– Add two visuals for your timeline
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Bellringer
• Pull out a piece of paper and divide it into 4 part. • Write Persia at the top• In the four section write the following and write
down what you remember for each section – Government– Religion – Achievements– Leaders
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Agenda
• Bellringer• Review of Persia • Indo Europeans – Religions Chart
• Vocabulary
• Homework– Worksheet 7.1 & 7.2
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Objectives
28. Explain the impact of Aryan migration into India.
29. Describe the major beliefs and traditions of Hinduism
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PERSIA REVIEW Use the back of your paper
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Question 1
• Place in the correct order 1. Assyrians2. Persians 3. Hebrew4. Babylonian
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Question 2
• Which of the following was the Religion of the Persian Empire A. BuddhismB. Zoroasterism C. Hinduism D. Ziggerat
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Question 3
• Compared to the Assryians the Persians…..1. Were tolerant towards conquered people2. Were Mean towards conquered people3. Tortured and cut off their heads
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Question 4
• Which map if of the Persian Empire?
A B
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Question 5
• Name one achievement of the Persian Empire
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Indus River Valley
• Decline begins around 1750 BC• Reason for fall is unknown
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India Geography
• Isolated– Peninsula– Sub-continent• Himalaya• Hindu-Kush
• But, mountain passes allow migration
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Aryan Migrations
• Aryan nomadic groups– Come from north of
the Black Sea– Move into parts of
Asia and Europe• Settle in India among
the agricultural people already there
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Aryan Culture
• Aryans brought elements of their culture to India– Gods– Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads– Religious rituals– Social class structure
• Imposed their beliefs on the natives
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World Religions Chart
• Pull out your world religions chart• Using your book complete the Hinduism
column of your chart – Pg 62-64 Chapter 3.2
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HINDUISM
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The Caste System
• The rigid social class structure in India, a part of Hindu beliefs– Caste determines your social status, job, friends,
spouse– Cannot change caste in your lifetime– Move up if you lead a good life and follow the
rules
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The Caste System
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The Brahman
• Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their individual soul with Brahman, the “World Soul”
• The world, all individuals and individual souls, and all gods derive from the Brahman
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Hindu Gods
• All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman•Manifestation: appearance in bodily
form– Hundreds or thousands of “gods”– VERY open religion – can worship many different
things and be a Hindu• Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?
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Hindu Gods
• Common Hindu Gods– Brahma, the creator
– Vishnu, the preserver
– Shiva, the destroyer
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Freeing the Soul
• To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you must achieve perfect understanding: moksha
• This takes more than one lifetime! Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body) occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is complete
• Reaching moksha ends reincarnation
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Reincarnation
• Your position in the next life is determined by
karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds and how well you performed your dharma, or the duty of your role in life
• Dharma is associated with your caste, and karma determines what caste you return to – a very serious punishment or reward
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Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #5
They’re called gods for a reason
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Bellringer
On a sheet of paper answer the following question
Match the word with the correct definition
Moska Dharma Karma
1. the sum of your good and bad deeds 2. achieve perfect understanding3. the duty of your role in life
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Agenda
• Bellringer • POP quiz • Buddhism Video • Religions chart
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Objectives
• Explain the connection between Buddhism and Hinduism
• Identify the characteristic of Buddhism
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Bellringer
• Write down 3 items you remember about Hinduism
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Agenda
• Bellringer• Finish Video • Religions chart• Buddhism v. Hinduism
• Homework: Study your Hinduism and Buddhism Vocabulary words
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Buddhism
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Hinduism’s Problems• Some people did not like– Inequality– Inaccessibility (need
priests to interact with gods for you)
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The Solution• A new faith• Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from
the world. • When he left his palace, he was shocked by
what he saw– Became the founder of Buddhism
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Buddha
• Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom
• No one he met had any wisdom
• So he meditated under a tree until he discovered the truth about the world– He became known as the
Buddha: awakened or enlightened one
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Four Noble Truths
1. To live is to suffer2. Suffering is caused by desire3. To end suffering, you must get rid of all
desires4. To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to
enlightenment
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Nirvana
• nirvana : Enlightenment (unfair) • Enlightenment can be achieved by acting,
thinking, and believing in the proper way• Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation
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Karma
• Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus• Instead of determining caste, karma provides
your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc.)
• Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions
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Solving Problems
• Hinduism has inequality– Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists
belong to the religious community• Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests– Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation
and self-improvement– Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime
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About Buddha
• Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama
• Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development
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Religious Spread
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Bellringer
• Pull out your Mauryan and Gupta Empire GRAPES Chart
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Agenda
• Lecture Mauryan and Gupta Empires• Short Video Clip• Essay Writing
Homework • Complete your essay for homework
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HEADS UP TEST NEXT WEDNESDAY!!
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Objective
• Creating a compare and contrast thesis• Identifying the characteristics of Classical India
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MAURYAN EMPIRE
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Geography • Majority of India except southern tip
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Religion• Hinduism • Buddhism– Asoka converts to Buddhism
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Asoka• Chandragupta’s Son• Harsh and Brutal Warrior• Battle at Kautilya– Kills 100,000 soldiers– Feels bad– Starts studying Buddhism and
converts • Preaches nonviolence
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Achievements • Unifying India• Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka• Road system – Rest houses and wells for travelers
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Political • Bureaucracy• Divides empire into 4
provinces • Royal prices govern
provinces– Officials collect taxes and
carry out laws
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Economic • Farming• Trade- Indian Ocean trade
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Social • Class system• Patriarchal
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GUPTA EMPIRE
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Geography • Smaller than Mauryan Empire – Northern and Central India
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Religion • Hinduism
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Achievements• Art • Literature• Science and Math
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Political• Kings • Alliances with regional kings
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Economic • Farming• Trade
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Social • Caste System• Patriarchal