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Pesticide Regulation
Susan King
Extension Specialist
University of Delaware
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Pesticide Regulation
• Pesticide Laws
• Pesticide Registration
FQPA
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Pesticide Laws
• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act – FIFRA
• Food Quality Protection Act – FQPA
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Pesticide Law
FIFRA• General Use Pesticides– Anyone may use
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Pesticide LawFIFRA• General Use Pesticides– Anyone may use
• Restricted Use Pesticides– Certified Licensed Applicators
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Pesticide LawFIFRA
EPA determines how pesticides are
Registered
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Pesticide LawFIFRA
EPA determines how pesticides are
Sold Disposed of
Stored Handled
Transported Applied
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Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Toxicology–Single dose
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Pesticide Registration
Tests: • Toxicology
–Lifetime exposure•Reproduction
•Mutations
•Cancer
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Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Environmental fate–Breakdown in soil, water
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Pesticide Registration
Tests:• Environmental fate
–Movement•Runoff
•Leaching
•Drift
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Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Ecological effects–Birds
–Fish
–Non-target plants
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Pesticide Registration
Tests:
• Residue Analysis
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Pesticide Registration
Residue Analysis:Pesticide applied according to
proposed label rates & procedures.
Then pesticide residues on crops are measured.
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How much residue is safe?
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Pesticide Tolerances
The amount of pesticide residue that will be legally allowed on food.
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300 ppm =No Effect Level
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300 ppm =No Effect Level
10 X, animal test
30 ppm
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300 ppm =No Effect Level
10 X, animal test
3 ppm
30 ppm
10X, human variability
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300 ppm =No Effect Level
10 X, animal test
3 ppm
0.3 ppm
30 ppm
10x, kids
10X, human variability
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0.3 ppm spread over 5 crops = Tolerance
Average 0.06 ppm each
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Pesticide Registration
Residue Testing Tolerance Setting
If residue < tolerance,
Pesticide registered
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Safety Nets
• Never eat all crops in one day!
• Every day!
• For 70 years!
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Safety Nets
• Never eat all crops in one day!
• Every day!
• For 70 years!
• Max rate not used!
• To all fields!
• To all parts of field!
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Explain pesticide registration to your neighbor.
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FQPA --
The Food Quality Protection Actof 1996
FQPA
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“Reasonable certainty that no harm will result
from aggregate pesticide exposure”
FQPA
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The Risk Cup
EPA has compared setting tolerances to filling a “Risk Cup”
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Exposure that you could receive every day.
For 70 years. With no significant risk of long term, health effects.
The Risk Cup
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EPA must lump compounds with a common mechanism of toxicity
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Common Mode of Action
39OP’s
mal
athi
onGuthion
Lorsban
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0.3 ppm OP spread over 5 crops =
Tolerance
Average 0.06 ppm OP each
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Pets
Food
Home
Garden Water
EPA must consider aggregate exposure
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Aggregate Exposure
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)
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Dietary/ Non-Dietary Exposure
&
Common Mechanism of Toxicity
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If the risk cup gets full, manufacturers could
reduce risk…
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By eliminating uses…
… Especially minor uses!
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FQPA HITS
•Methyl parathion•Azinphos methyl•Chlorphyrifos•Bendiocarb• Ethyl parathion
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Changes in pesticide labels to reduce risk?
•Reduce number of sprays•Reduce application rate•Change formulation
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• Procedure for setting tolerances• Common mode of action• Aggregate exposure
Summary
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• Procedure for setting tolerances• Common mode of action• Aggregate exposure
• Manufacturers need to reduce risk
Summary
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• Procedure for setting tolerances• Common mode of action• Aggregate exposure
• Manufacturers need to reduce risk• EPA needs “Real Life” data
Summary