Download - Phenology - The Study of Nature
![Page 1: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phenology The Study of Nature
Sridhar Gutam, PhD, ARSSenior Scientist (Plant Physiology)
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Research Centre RanchiRanchi 834010, Jharkhand
@SridharGutam I [email protected]
![Page 2: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
What is Phenology?
“Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as elevation)”
Phenology. (2016, January 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:03, March 14, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phenology&oldid=700778197
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 3: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Why Phenology?•Phenology helps us to understand nature.•Leafing, Flowering and Fruiting.•Bird migration/brooding.•Insect Pests infestation and Plant diseases incidence.•Floods and frosts.•Climate change – indicators – early spring?
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 4: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Indicator: Start of Spring
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
<http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/indicators/indicator-start-spring>
2012
![Page 5: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
How the Spring is Unfolding?
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
https://www.usanpn.org/data/spring
![Page 6: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
How the Spring is Unfolding?
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
https://www.usanpn.org/data/spring
![Page 7: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phenological Events• Phenological development
of Olive flowering, following BBCH standard scale (Oteros et al., 2013).• a-50, b-51, c-54, d-57,
(<15% open flowers); f-65, (>15% open flowers); g-67, (<15% open flowers); h-68
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 7
Oteros, J., García-Mozo, H., Vázquez, L., Mestre, A., Domínguez-Vilches, E., Galán, C. (2013). Modelling olive phenological response to weather and topography. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 179: 62-68.
![Page 8: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Early blooming of Cassia!
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University 8
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_there_any_scientific_basis_for_the_early_blossoming_of_Cassia_fistula_of_Kerala_and_regional_climate_change
![Page 9: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Robert Marsham - Father of Phenology
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Marsham
![Page 10: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Marsham's 27 indications of springStarted in 1736 by Robert Marsham and continued by his
family until 1958
• Snowdrop first flowering • Wood anemone first flowering • Hawthorn first flowering • Turnip first flowering • Hawthorn first leafing • Sycamore first leafing • Silver birch first leafing • Elm first leafing • Rowan first leafing • Oak first leafing • Beech first leafing • Horse chestnut first leafing • Sweet chestnut first leafing • Hornbeam first leafing
• Ash first leafing • Lime first leafing • Field maple first leafing • Swallow first seen • Cuckoo first seen • Nightingale first heard • Nightjar first heard • Song thrush first heard • Ringdove (Woodpigeon) first seen • Rook first nest building • Rook young first seen • Brimstone butterfly first seen • Frogs and toads first heard croaking
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
http://www.naturescalendar.org.uk/research/Robert_Marsham_Indications_of_Spring.htm
![Page 11: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Phenology Projects
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 11
![Page 12: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
USA National Phenology Network
https://www.usanpn.org/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 13: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Pan European Phenology Project PEP725
http://www.pep725.eu/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 14: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Plant-Phenological Online Databasehttp://www.ppodb.de/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 15: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Project Budburst – http://budburst.org/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 16: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Bhutan Phenology Network - HEROS
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
http://www.bpn.gov.bt/web/index.php
![Page 17: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Bhutan Phenology Network - Phenology Journal
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
http://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=1bbc7c88e2964ab3b9bf52207a336a36
![Page 18: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Phenology Projects in India
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 18
![Page 19: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
http://www.seasonwatch.in/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 20: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Trees Monitored under Season Watch
http://www.seasonwatch.in/details.php
• Jackfruit (Kathal)• Indian Blackberry (Jamun)• Pride of India (Jarul)• Indian Gooseberry (Amla)•Mango (Aam)• Banyan (Bargad)•Devil’s Tree (Saptaparni)• Purple Bauhinia (Kaniar)• Indian Coral Tree (Pangra)
• Flame of the Forest (Dhak/Palash)• Indian Laburnum (Amaltas)• Pongam Tree/Indian Beech
(Karanj)• Tamarind (Imli)•Margosa (Neem)• Flame Tree (Gulmohur)• Red Silk Cotton Tree
(Semul)
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 21: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Season Watch - Citizen Science program
•National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). •Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF) – An NGO.•Funded by Wipro Applying Thought in Schools (WATIS) – Wipro.
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 22: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 22
http://www.seasonwatch.in/dashboard.php?pageno=1
![Page 23: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
http://treecalendar.org/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 24: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Tree Calendar – Study Species
• Albizia lebbeck• Albizia odoratissima• Artocarpus heterophyllus• Artocarpus hirsutus• Azardirachta indica• Bauhinia purpurea• Bombax ceiba• Briedelia retusa• Cassia fistula• Dalbergia latifolia
• Delonix regia• Ficus racemosa• Garcinia gummi-gutta• Hydnocarpus pentandra•Mangifera indica•Mimusops elengi• Phyllanthus emblica• Polyalthia longifolia• Pongamia pinnata• Pterocarpus marsupium
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 25: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Tree Calendar – Report Event
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
http://treecalendar.org/index.php?item=report&view=report_form
![Page 26: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
India Biodiversity Portal
http://indiabiodiversity.org/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 27: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
“Over 11 lakh occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity
Information Facility integrated”
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 28: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Trees Indiahttp://treesindia.indiabiodiversity.org/show
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 29: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Global Biodiversity Information Facility
http://www.gbif.org/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 30: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
India – GIBF Associate Member (2003)
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 31: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
GIBF India Data http://www.gbif.org/country
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 32: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Tree phenology and hornbill breeding
http://ncf-india.org/projects/tree-phenology-and-hornbill-breeding
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 33: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Mango Phenology Monitoring System
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
http://mangifera.res.in/phenology/
![Page 34: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 34
http://mangifera.res.in/phenology/bbch.php
![Page 35: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• Application of extended BBCH scale for phenological studies in mango (Mangifera indica L.)• S Rajan et.al. 2011.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 13(2): 108-114, 2011
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University 35
![Page 36: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University
Phenological Monitoring of Selected Horticultural Fruit Tree Crops
15-03-2016
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281432470_Phenological_Monitoring_of_Selected_Horticultural_Fruit_Tree_Crops_-_Draft_Proposal
![Page 37: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Phenology Network India - Project Proposal
https://goo.gl/KsQPTz
• Title: Phenology of Horticulture and Agroforestry Tree Species in India • Objectives:
• Development of standard protocol for collection and capture of phenology data of selected horticulture and agroforestry tree species in India.
• Development of Open Access Phenology and Phenotype Data Repository for horticultural and agroforestry tree species.
• To prepare region-wise Phenological calendar for major horticulture and agroforestry tree species.
• Development of weather based phenology forecasting model and decision support system for selected horticultural and agroforestry tree species
• Goal:• To develop understanding of changes in phenological behaviour of selected
horticultural and agroforestry tree species under climate change scenario• This project would be submitted to either of DST/DAC (Hort. Div.)/Min. of Env. and Forests/Extra Mural
Research Funding/NABARD
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
![Page 38: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Folklore and Phenology
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 38
![Page 39: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3915-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11070/1/IJTK%2010(1)%2096-101.pdf
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 39
![Page 40: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University
Vasant Panchami – First Day of Spring
15-03-2016
Wikimedia Commons/Nitin Das
![Page 41: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Spondias pinnata (Amra) – During Shivratri
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 41
![Page 42: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Alangium salviifolium (Ankola) – Fruit Ripening Time – Paddy
Rice Sowing?
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University 42
![Page 43: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
National Cherry Blossom Festival. Washington DC. March 20 – April 17, 2016
http://www.nationalcherryblossomfestival.org/
15-03-2016 Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD CentreRanchi University, Ranchi 834008 43
![Page 44: Phenology - The Study of Nature](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5873afbf1a28aba3548b7173/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Refresher Course Life Sciences, UGC HRD Centre, Ranchi University
4415-03-2016
Thank You