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PHOBOS: centrality in dAu @ 0.2 TeV (at RHIC)• Efficiency determination in dAu was harder than for AuAu and it
had both lower overall efficiencies and larger variations with centrality
• Choice of centrality “variable” in data had a significant effect on some results (i.e. must worry about more than just getting a high/low <Npart> value)
• As a result PHOBOS explored many different options and fully propagated these different options through many analyses
• The multiplicity analysis provided PHOBOS a good foundation to get a handle on these things
• Overall: Centrality in pA is likely somewhat nontrivial & it is very good we are talking about it
David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS6/5/2012
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 2
PHOBOS: Significant efficiency variations as function of centrality in d+Au
6/5/2012
First result 4 centrality bins:Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 072302 (2003)
Will be better in CMS (also improved in PHOBOS with better vertexing algos in peripheral region), but still need to nail this down for good physics measurements.
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d+Au Event Selection• Event Selection
– Clean-up by requiring a valid silicon vertex
• Efficiency– Used a shape matching
algorithm between Data and Simulations (HIJING or AMPT)
– Efficiency includes Trigger and Vertex finding efficiency
From R. Hollis 2004 DNP meeting slide 3
Hijing + GEANTData
Shapes agree reasonably in High multiplicity region
Data inefficient for more peripheral events
EOct is the summed charge deposited in the Octagon detector
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• Unique PHOBOS η coverage– Many regions to pick
from– Not just the ‘paddles’
• All regions were used– same basic algorithm– Sum the charge
deposited in these regions (from Silicon)
d+Au Data Centrality Regions
EOctERingETotEdHemEAuHem
slide 4From 2004 Talk by R. Hollis at “Focus on Multiplicity” Workshop, Bari
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Which Region of η is best?Why do we need so many?
• Auto-Correlations!– Could this introduce a Centrality
Bias?
• Method (here)– Cut on Npart directly (Black)
• Form <dN/dη>• Calculate the <Npart>
– Cut on all the other variables such that all have the same <Npart>
• Form <dN/dη>
• Each method derives a different <dN/dη> for the same <Npart>
• ERing yields the closest shape
<Npart> ≈ 3.1
<Npart> ≈ 15.5
NpartEOctETot
ERingAuHemdHem
From R. Hollis 2003 DNP meeting
See also Appendix of Nucl. Phys. A 757, 28 (2005) and PRC 72, 031901(R) (2005)
slide 5
preliminary
preliminary
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d+Au Centrality• Centrality binning
– Used ERing– Least auto-correlation
bias (from MC and Data studies)
OctagonRings Rings
Primary Trigger(Scintillator) Paddles
ηSchematic Plotnot to scale
• Centrality– Correct for efficiency– Divide data into 20%
bins
From R. Hollis 2004 DNP meeting slide 6
preliminary
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 7
Cross-check performed with dAu Data: Reconstructed MinBias distribution agrees for different centrality measures
6/5/2012
All Centrality methods agree when reconstructing the min-bias distribution
PRL 93, 082301 (2004)
Importance of closely coupling Centrality work with Multiplicity analyses
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 8
“Final word” from PHOBOS: dAu Multplicity Distributions in 5 Centrality Bins
6/5/2012
Phys. Rev. C 83, 024913 (2011)
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 9
Two other views of same data (1/2)
6/5/2012
Ratio of dAu to inelastic pp at same energy
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 10
Two other views of same data (2/2)
6/5/2012
Systematic errors not shown
(4.2)
(15.5)
(2.7)
(7.2)
(10.8)
dAu results ormalized to Nch so can compare shape change
Npart
peripheral
Lines to Guide Eye Only
central
From 2004 Talk by D. Hofman at Moriond http://moriond.in2p3.fr/QCD/2004/Indext.html slide 6
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 11
Final Comment – Glauber Parameters
6/5/2012
Would be very helpful if we could come to an agreement on the Glauber “baseline” parameters and associated systematic uncertainties (sooner the better).
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ADDITIONAL
6/5/2012 David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 13
Centrality “Biases” in 0.2 TeV d+Au
6/5/2012
Example shown using HIJING MC + full GEANT PHOBOS detector simulation.
Grey Band = pseudorapidity region covered by EOct centrality variable (i.e. EOct is centrality from Energy in Octagon Silicon Detector for |Eta|<3)Solid Marker = MC TruthOpen Circles = Reconstructed result from MC analysis using that centrality definition
(20% bin) (20% bin)MC Truth
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 14
Centrality Biases in 0.2 TeV d+Au
6/5/2012
From Richard HollisPhD Thesis
Fig. also in Appendix of Nucl. Phys. A 757, 28
(2005)
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 15
Another published “biases” example
6/5/2012
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 16
Data Check of dAu Centrality Biases
6/5/2012
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 17
Note: ERing is in “Limiting Fragmentation Scaling” Region
6/5/2012
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 18
Limiting Fragmentation Scaling AuAu, CuCu, pp
6/5/2012
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David Hofman : dAu Centrality in PHOBOS 19
Cent. Dependence of Limit. Frag. Scaling in Heavy Ions (AuAu)
6/5/2012
Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 052303 (2003)