Phoneticvs.Phonological Considerations inInter-Generational VowelChangeinTorontoHeritage Cantonese
8) Next Steps
7) Discussion
5) Methodology
6) Results
2) Question: What about Toronto HCAN speakers?
3) DataHLVCProject (Nagy2011)•SociolinguisticInterviews (~1hourlong)•EthnicOrientationQuestionnaire•WordList(basedonpicturenamingtask)
4) Speaker Information
STEP 1:F1andF2measurementsof6vowels(/y/,/u/, /i/, /ɛ/,/ɔ/, /a/)acrosstwophoneticcontexts(openvs.closedsyllable)usingPRAAT (Boersma &Weenik 2015)
• /u/vs. /y/contrast maintained for allspeakers• Sexeffect foundfor /y/ only(backing among females)• Age effectfound for both vowels(backing of bothamong youngest speakers)• à doesnotshow phoneticassimilation between CAN/u/and TOENG /u/• Non-significant factors: GEN, EOQ, Syllable Type, Tone• Supports findings from Chang etal (2011)• à HL bilingualsmaintain language-internal distinctions
Short-TermGoals•Measureall8monophthongs•Largerspeakersamplesize andmorevoweltokens
Long-TermGoals•CompareHCANandTOENGvowelspaceusingCinC (Contactin theCity)data(Hoffman&Walker2010)•CompareTorontoandHKCAN vowelspace
Boersma, Paul.;and David Weenink.2015.Praat:doingphoneticsbycomputer[Computerprogram].http://www.praat.org/.Chang, CharlesB.;Yao Yao.; ErinF.Haynes.;and Russell Rhodes.2011.ProductionofphoneticandphonologicalcontrastbyheritagespeakersofMandarin. TheJournalof theAcousticalSocietyofAmerica129.3964–3980.doi:10.1121/1.3569736.Cui,Naomi.;Minyi Zhu.;VinaLaw.;Holman Tse.;and NaomiNagy.2014.Exploringautomatedformantanalysisforcomparativevariationist studyof HeritageCantoneseandEnglish. Presentationat ChangeandVariationinCanada(CVC8).Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,ON,Canada.http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/26261/.Fabricius, AnneH.;DominicWatt.;and DanielEzraJohnson.2009.Acomparisonof threespeaker- intrinsicvowelformantfrequencynormalizationalgorithmsforsociophonetics. LanguageVariationandChange21.413–435.doi:10.1017/S0954394509990160.Hoffman,Michol F.;andJamesA.Walker.2010.Ethnolects andthecity:EthnicorientationandlinguisticvariationinTorontoEnglish.LanguageVariationandChange22.37–67.doi:10.1017/S0954394509990238.Johnson,DanielEzra.2009.Gettingoff theGoldVarbStandard:IntroducingRbrul forMixed-EffectsVariableRuleAnalysis. LanguageandLinguisticsCompass 3.359–383.Nagy, Naomi.2011.AMultilingualCorpustoExploreVariationinLanguageContactSituations.Rassegna Italianadi LinguisticaApplicata 43.65–84.Thomas, Erik.; and Tyler Kendall.2007.NORM:Thevowelnormalizationandplottingsuite.http://ncslaap.lib.ncsu.edu/tools/norm/.
9) References
1) Introduction
CANBackground
ENGBackground
DemographicCharacteristics
Male Female Totals
GEN 1 CANdominant Variable Born &raised inHK,livedinGTA for> 20years
4(ages: 46-62)
5(ages: 50-82)
=9
GEN 2 Proficientenough forsociolinguisticinterview
ENG dominant Born &raised inGTA (or livedinGTAsinceage 3)
3(ages: 21-44)
5(ages: 16-21)
=8
=7 = 10 N=17
Vowel OpenSyllable
ClosedSyllable
SpeakerTotals
/y/ 10 5 =15/u/ 5 10 =15
=15 =15 N=3017X30=510tokensrelevantfor analysis6X510=3060voweltokensmeasured
10) Acknowledgements
STEP 2:Watt& FabriciusModifiedMethod (Fabricius,Watt,andJohnson2009)fornormalizationof3060tokensusingNORM
STEP 3:MixedEffectsModeling usingR-brul (Johnson2009)
Dependent Variable
F2
IndependentVariables
FixedEffectsSocial: GEN, Sex, Age, EOQLinguistic: Syllable Type, Tone
Random EffectsSpeaker, Word
English-Mandarin Bilingual Speakerscompared (Changetal. 2011)
HK Hong KongGTA Greater Toronto AreaHL Heritage Language (acquired aschild)L2 Second Language (acquired asadult)
(H)CAN (Heritage) Cantonese(TO)ENG (TO)ENG: Toronto EnglishGEN 1 Generation 1speakersGEN 2 Generation 2speakersEOQ Ethnic Orientation Questionnaire Scores
Poster # 13
Language Contact in the Mind and in the Community: Insights from Bilingual Phonetics and PhonologyLinguistic Society of America Annual Meeting, January 8, 2016, Washington, DC
Holman Tse ([email protected]), Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Youngest speakers most retractedYoungest and femalespeakers mostretracted
HERITAGE LANGUAGE VARIATIONAND CHANGE IN TORONTO
HTTP://PROJECTS.CHASS.UTORONTO.CA/NGN/HLVC
uuyL2Mandarin
DistinctbutwithENGphonetic influence
yHLMandarin
Phonological considerationsinhibit fronting
uTOENG
GEN2HLspeakers (Cuietal.2014)
uyHCAN???
??? ???
多謝晒!
Naomi Nagy, Scott Kiesling, ShelomeGooden, HLVC Cantonese RA's: Abigail Chan, Karen Chan, Viv ian Chow, Naomi Cui, Tiffany Chung, Radu Craioveanu, Joyce Fok, Vina Law, Samuel Lo, Grace Lui, Rita Pang, Andrew Peters, Mario So Gao, Josephine Tong, Sarah Truong, Elaine Wang, Ka-man Wong, Alfred Wu, Oliv ia Yu, MinyiZhu
uy
(ThomasandKendall2007)
Age (p<0.01)**Coefficient
+1 2.391
Sex(p <0.01)**Coeff. N Mean (Hz)
M 56.148 105 1808F -56.148 150 1682
Age (p<0.01)**Coefficient
+1 3.237
Cantoneseisthe2ndmostwidelyspokenlanguageinToronto
y u Distinct for all speakers(p=8.77X10-22)***
