Download - Photosynthesis “Life is Bottled Sunshine” Wynwood Reade, Martyrdom of Man, 1872 Eva Farre, s150
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Photosynthesis“Life is Bottled Sunshine”
Wynwood Reade, Martyrdom of Man, 1872
Eva Farre, s150
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Topics
1.Overview of photosynthesis2.Key early photosynthesis experiments3. Photosynthesis: light reactions
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Where does the oxygen in the atmosphere come from?
Was the oxygen concentration constant?
What are the necessary components of photosynthesis?
What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis?
Which is the order of events?
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CONSTITUENT CHEMICAL SYMBOL MOLE PERCENTNitrogen N2 78.084Oxygen O2 20.947Argon Ar 0.934Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.035Others
ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/
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H20 + CO2
CH20 + O2
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History: From air to starch
Stephen Hales (1677-1761): Plants assimilated “air”
Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) : plants can “purify” air
Jan Ingen-Housz (1730-1799): this was dependent on light
Jean Senebier (1742–1809) :”fixed air” (CO2) is essential for photosynthesis
Pierre Joseph Pelletier (1788– 1842) and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou (1795–1877): chlorophyll
Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872) discovered chloroplasts in plant cells
Julius Robert Mayer (1814–1878): plants convert light energy into chemical energy
Julius von Sachs (1832–1897 ): starch granules are product of photosynthesis
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Where does the oxygen come from ?
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction
H20 + CO2CH20 + O2
Van Niel (1920s) analyzed the photosynthesis of purple bacteria:
nCO2 + 2 nH2O + light (CH2O)n + nO2 + nH2OnCO2 + 2nH2S + light (CH2O)n + 2nS + nH2O
(Ziong et al., 2000, Science)
“Purple bacteria are the earliest emerging photosynthetic lineage”
OXYGENIC / ANOXYGENIC photosynthesis LIGHT/ DARK or CARBON-LINKED reactions
Hill equation (1937): H20 + A + light ½ O2 + H2A
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(Des Marais, 2000. Science)
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Topics
1.Overview of photosynthesis2.Key early photosynthesis experiments3. Photosynthesis: light reactions
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Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Light ReactionsLight ReactionsATP
NADPHCarbon
ReactionsCarbon
Reactions
H20 O2 CO2 CH20
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Chloroplast structure
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Photosynthesis Light Reactions(Simplified)
e-e-
e-e-
e-Donor (H20)Oxidized-e-Donor (O2)
e-acceptor (NADP)
Reduced e-acceptor (NADPH)
H+
H+
ADP + Pi
ATP
ThylakoidLumen
Stroma
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Absorbance of light: Photochemistry
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E = h (c/λ)
Light absorption and emission of chlorophyll
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Engelmann Experiments(1843 – 1909)
Spyrogyra up to ~200 um long
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Photosynthetic Pigments Absorption Spectra
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Photosynthetic Pigments : Structure
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ChlorophyllOrganism a b c d Carotinoids Phycobilins
Plants + + - - + -Green algae + + - - + -Diatoms + - + - + -Dinoflagelates + - + - + -Brown and yellow algae + - + - + -Red algae + - - + + -Cyanobacteria + - - - + +
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Photochemical quantum yield/ efficiency:
Φ = Number of photochemical productsTotal number of quanta absorbed (energy of a photon)
Energy efficiency:
= Notal number of quanta absorbedPhotosynthesis products (ATP/NADPH)
Important photosynthesis concepts
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Red light enhancement effect (~1950s) : 2 photochemical complexes (~1960)
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Z- Scheme of photosynthesis
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Topics
1.Overview of photosynthesis2.Key early photosynthesis experiments3. Photosynthesis: light reactions
![Page 25: Photosynthesis “Life is Bottled Sunshine” Wynwood Reade, Martyrdom of Man, 1872 Eva Farre, s150](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d8b5503460f94a72db1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Next lecture:-Electron Transport Details (check respiration)-Regulation of the Photosynthetic Machinery-Genetics and Evolution of Photosynthetic Systems