![Page 1: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phylum Porifera1
Phylum Porifera
The Sponges
![Page 2: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Phylum Porifera2
Sponges– Over 7,000 species, approximately 40 species that occur in
local waters– 2% of all sponges are freshwater, none are terrestrial
Phylum Porifera Overview
Most primitive of the multicellular animals– There is some debate if sponges are complex
colonial protozans and not metazoans.
![Page 3: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Phylum Porifera3
Phylum Porifera Overview
Sponges occur in shallow water habitats and vary widely in size (up to 1m. high) and shape– Unlike most metazoans they lack:
All sponges are sessile filter feeders
![Page 4: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Phylum Porifera4
Sponge Diversity
Yellow Tube Sponge
Black-ball sponge
Erect Rope Sponge
![Page 5: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phylum Porifera5
Porifera Anatomy
Spongocoel
Ostia
Oscules
![Page 6: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Phylum Porifera6
Collar Cells
Choanocytes: (collar cells) act as a pump to bring water into the spongeChoanocytes
![Page 7: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phylum Porifera7
Sponge Support
Collagen is found between the inner canals and chambers– Mesohyl
Ameboid cells located in the mesohyl, have different roles– Archeocytes – Sclerocytes
![Page 8: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Phylum Porifera8
Sponge Support
![Page 9: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Phylum Porifera9
Spicules
Collagen is stiffened by adding microscopic mineral accretions or additional protein fibers (spongin) or both.– Spicules: skeleton
structures, made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Spicules
![Page 10: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sponge Types
![Page 11: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Phylum Porifera11
Porifera Reproduction
Asexual budding Regeneration: can regenerate from broken
pieces Sexual
– Usually hermaphroditic with male and female cells scattered throughout the connective tissue.
![Page 12: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Phylum Porifera12
Porifera Larvae
Neighboring sponges are fertilized by sperm entering through the ostia– Ciliated mouth less
larvae (parenchymella) is released. Parenchymella
![Page 13: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Phylum Porifera14
Porifera Classification
Phylum Porifera– Class Calcarea– Class Demospongiae– Class Hexactinellida– Sclerospongiae is no
longer considered a class
![Page 15: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Phylum Porifera15
Class Calcarea
Have spicules made of calcium carbonate
Mostly small in size (<15 cm.), and form irregular masses
Never contain spongin, restricted to shallow water, and strictly marine
![Page 16: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phylum Porifera16
Class Demospongiae (Most sponges)
Have spicules made of silicon dioxide (SiO2) or spongin or a combination of both
Most sponges belong to this class (90%)
– Nearly all are leuconoid body type
Mostly found on the continental shelf
Spongia spp. (Bath sponge)
![Page 17: Phylum porifera,coelentrata , platyhelminthes](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081418/55591e1fd8b42a88038b5014/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Phylum Porifera17
Class Hexactinellida (Glass sponges)
Spicules are made of silica Usually found in deep water on soft substrates in the
tropics 200-1,000m. Spicules are six pointed and have a lattice-like structure Cup, vase or urn shape
Euplectella (Deep sea Glass sponge)