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Physical and Chemical
Properties
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All substances have properties…
Including people!Example:
People can be identified by their …
Face (shape,
expressions)Voice Height Finger
prints
Eye color Hair color Teeth DNA
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What are properties?
• Matter has observable and measurable qualities.
• We can use general properties to identify substances.
• Two basic types of properties of matter: Physical properties and Chemical properties:
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Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter.– Characteristic of a substance that can be
observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else.
Physical Properties
State Colour Odour Taste
Texture Melting point
Boiling point Density
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Physical properties can be classified as qualitative or quantitative.
Physical Properties
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Qualitative properties describe matter using words. They cannot be measured or expressed numerically (no numbers involved).• ex. water is colourless, odourless
Physical Properties
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Quantitative properties can be measured and expressed numerically (numbers are involved).• ex. the melting point of water is 0°C
Physical Properties
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Chemical Properties
• Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with another substance to form a new substance
Flammability Rusting Reactivity with metals
Reactivity with oxygen
Reactivity with water
Reactivity with acids
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Physical & Chemical Change
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Physical Changes• do not produce new substances (it’s still
the same substance with same properties)
• involve only one substance (except dissolving)
• are changes in form (powder, crystal, cubes, granular) or state (solid, liquid, or gas)
• most are easily reversible
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Examples of Physical Changes:
• Changes of state (boiling, melting, freezing, condensation, sublimation)
• Dissolving (ex. Dissolving sugar in water - the sugar particles spread out, but they are still there, as sugar particles.)
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Chemical Changes
• always produce a new substance which has different properties from the starting substance(s)
• involve more than one substance
• many are not reversible
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Examples of Chemical Changes:
• Burning paper (the gases and black substance formed are new substances, and cannot be reversed back to paper)
• Rusting nails (rust formed is a new substance, formed from the metal and oxygen)
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How can we tell if a chemical change has occurred?Look for clues that a new substance has formed
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Clues that indicate that a new substance has formed in a chemical reaction are;
• colour change (not a blending of the initial colours)
• gas (bubbles) is produced (not from boiling)
• a solid (precipitate) is formed when two solutions are mixed together
• energy is released (usually heat or light) or absorbed (substance feels colder), but not because of heating with a burner or cooling with ice etc.
• odour change / new odour
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Chemical
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Chemical
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Physical
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Chemical
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Physical
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Chemical