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PHYSICAL EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY
Sara Crawford - COE 503 Introduction to Qualitative Research - Dr. T. McCarty
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Nation Wide
More than 10,000 schools across the country are integrating technology into Physical Education classes (Carter, 2005).
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Nation Wide A growing number of schools are embracing a new phenomenon known as "exergaming," encouraging students to exercise using video games such as Nintendo's new Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution (DDR), in which players mimic dance moves on the screen, requiring constant movement. (Carter, 2005)
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Sample of Dance Dance Revolution
QuickTime™ and ampeg4 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Purpose
Several schools in the Coldwater School District (pseudonym) are utilizing technology in the Physical Education departments to help increase physically activity and assist in their health and wellness education.
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Purpose This mini-qualitative research study will examine teacher perceptions on if and how technology has enhanced their physical education curriculum.
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Facts & Rational
Many health and fitness habits begin when children are between the ages of 5 and 6, and also during adolescence (Burwinkle, Schwimmer, & Varni, 2003).
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Facts & Rational
Studies have shown that a child who is obese between the ages of 10 and 13 has an 80 % chance of becoming an obese adult (Burwinkle, et al., 2003)
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Facts & Rational
Increased weight can impact a child’s cognitive, physical, psychological, behavioral, and social health (Murna, Price, Telljohann, Dake, & Boardly, 2006).
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Short-Term Effects of Obesity
Short-term effects include depression, peer rejection, low self-esteem, and even discrimination (Murna et al., 2006).
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Long-term Effects of Obesity
Long-term effects may include,
development of type 2 diabetes, asthma, heart
disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and obesity
in adulthood (Murna et al.,
2006). 11
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cross-sectional appeal
PE Technology
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gapA great deal of research has been conducted in the area of school nutrition, exercise habits of school-aged children, and the impact of several different intervention programs for overweight children (Flores, Gbarayor, Shaya, Wang, 2008).
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Gap
However, further research should be conducted in the area school-based technology’s effect on children’s wellness.
With the increase of technology in the 21st century, and the rise of childhood obesity, it seems that the fusion of these two topics could benefit our students
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Significance
The implications of this research study could be the discovery of a method that students will respond to regarding health and wellness.
If it seems to be true that students acquire improved health habits through the use of technology then, it could be considered a meaningful avenue for instruction.
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potential bias•Researcher realizes her bias towards subject may alter the interpretation of observations
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Bias
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Methods
Interviews & Observations
Two Schools
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Why interview & observe?
We interview and observe to provide
access to understanding
actions and generate rich
descriptive data
(Seidman, 2006 &
Rossman & Rallis, 2003)
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An unclear picture
A great deal of research is done on
schooling in the United States, yet few studies focus on the
perspectives of individuals whose
collective experiences constitutes schooling
(Seidman, 2005).
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SchoolsLocated in an urban area of Arizona
The demographics in this district:
Hispanic: 90%White: 4.6%Native American: 1.1%Asian: 0.4%
87 % of students receive free or reduced lunch
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interviews
Purpose:
Discover the physical educations teachers’ perceptions of the impact that technology has had on their students’ attitudes toward physical activity
Questions:
21 questions
Recorded with an iPod using an external microphone attachment
45 to 60 minutes in length
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Interview
Used a combined & condensed method to interview
Seidman’s 3 -Interview Series
Rossman & Rallis’ approach & procedures for conducting interviews
•Introduction•Body•Summary & Closure
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1st portion of Interview
Focused Life HistoryQuestions centered around the context of participants experiences
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2nd portion of interview
Specific questions relating to technology and instruction
Allowed for reflection on the meaning of the study
Ex: What is your perception on the effect that technology has on Physical Education instruction?
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ObservationsObserve the response to technology-based instruction from students.
Observe the percentage of active engagement of students.
Observe types of technology based instruction
45 minute observations
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Progress on study
Both interviews have been conducted
One classroom observation has been conducted
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Data Gathered
Technology used in PE at two schools include:
Play Station Palm Pilot
Eye Toy ACTIVboard
Digital Video Recording Pedometers
Heart Rate Monitors Basketball Program
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Data Gathered
Both teachers interviewed have experienced an increase in student engagement with the use of technology
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Data Gathered
Using technology in physical education allows for delivery of instruction through different modalities:
Kinesthetic
Visual
Hands -Ons
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Data Gathered
Both teachers are aware of the statistics relating to the rates of childhood obesity
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Data Gathered
Observation: Level of engagement = 100%
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data gathered“PE and life has changed so much over the years. We need to take advantage of whatever we can to create that lifetime excitement about being active” Teacher 2
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WII Sports Fitness ExperimentIn this research Mickey DeLorenzo wanted to investigate whether engaging in daily active gaming with a Nintendo Wii would have an impact on his health and fitness.
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A Physical Education teacher says...
"I think fitness and health will have resurgence in importance as people realize that their kids need to learn how to live healthy lives. If kids are going to be spending a lot of time on the computer playing games, chatting online or surfing the Internet, they may as well use technology to help their exercise plan as well." (Myers, 2005)
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