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Physics 2011
Chapter 2:
Straight Line Motion
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Motion:
• Displacement along a coordinate axis (movement from point A to B)
• Displacement occurs during some interval of Time
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Describing Motion:
• Average Velocity, Vav: The speed of displacement as characterized by the ratio of a change in displacement to its corresponding change in time
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Describing Motion (Cont.)
• Average Acceleration: The “Speed of Velocity” as characterized by measuring a change in velocity and its corresponding change in time
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Problem with Average Quantities• Velocity is different at every point on the
curve
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Instantaneous Velocity, V
• Need to have a more accurate description of velocity
• A description that is valid at a particular point during the time interval of interest
• If we can write a time based function describing displacement, x(t), then velocity is just the derivative of that function.
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Instantaneous Acceleration• Likewise, a more accurate description of acceleration is
useful• Given an instantaneous velocity as a function of time, v(t),
the instantaneous acceleration is the first derivative of the velocity function with respect to time
• By definition then, Acceleration is also the Second Derivative of the displacement function, x(t), with respect to time.
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General Equations, Integral Form:
• In general then, since velocity is the derivative of displacement and acceleration is the derivative of velocity:
• Given an acceleration as some function of time, a(t):
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Constant Acceleration
• If we don’t allow Acceleration to be a time varying function (For simplicity and also because there are many examples of constant acceleration, such as gravity):
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Kinematic Diagrams
• Given some kind of Motion, it is possible to draw curves and graphs of the motion based on the equations described in the chapter.
• Such graphs of motion are called Kinematic (derived from the word Kinetic, relating to motion) Diagrams
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Motorcycle in Motion:
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Motorcycle Motion Data:
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Kinematic Diagram of Motorcycle Motion: