Download - Picture of Chaucer from the Ellesmere Manuscript, an early 15 th century illuminated manuscript
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Picture of Chaucer from the Ellesmere Manuscript, an early 15th century illuminated manuscript
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Life & Times• Born _____, Died _____
(London, England)• Son of ________ wine
merchant• In his teens, he was placed in
the service of the Countess of Ulster so he could obtain more ________ and be schooled in _____ and _____
• Thus, he would have learned _____ and some _____ as well as perhaps some _____ and _______
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Life & Times• In 1359, he was ______ by the
______ at the Siege of Reims during the Hundred Years' War while serving in English army; ________by King Edward III a year later
• Chaucer joined the royal household and became a _____, trusted _______, and ______
• Married Phillipa, a _______ to the Queen.
• Chaucer had 2 sons and possibly a daughter
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Career: Royal Messenger
• Chaucer was frequently sent to the continent on secret business for ___________.
• Some of these trips were to ______ where he became acquainted with the works of the great ______ authors: Boccaccio (1313-1375), ____ (1265-1321), and Petrarch (1304-1374)
• He traveled all over England, Italy, _____ and _____ (France) and met many people
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Career: Civil Servant• Controller of Customs on Wools, Skins and Hides for the Port of
London– Here he would meet many types of ________, _______, travelers,
________, and ____________
• Clerk of the King’s Works– In charge of __________ and repairs affecting the royal residences; here
he would meet many ________ as well as court _______
• Deputy Forester of the King’s Forests– Away from the city, he met peasants, _______, local clergy, and other
country _____
• Representative of the Shire of Kent in Parliament– Here he met the rich and influential _____, and the upper middle class, as
well as the higher ranking _____ officials
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Britain’s First Poet• Began writing in his
____• Published works in the
______, or everyday speech
• First to prove that common language could be as ____ and _____ as the romantic languages
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Chaucer’s Legacy• Father of English ____
• Buried in Westminster Abbey
• Chaucer’s tomb is the centerpiece of _____
• Famous work The Canterbury Tales represents cross section of _____
Canterbury Cathedral, England
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Key Facts: The Canterbury Tales
• Written by Chaucer 1380s-1390s (____ century)• First printed version 1470• Chaucer wrote about every class of British life that he
had met as a _______.• The Canterbury Tales is considered one of Britain’s
greatest national ______• Narrative poem that centers around _____ to ______;
a story about a ______ competition• Chaucer is the _____ and also one of the ______ • “The ____” is the tavern owner (Harry Bailey)
who serves as a guide and _____
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London
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Chaucer’s Plan ...• _____ followed by a series of stories and
linking dialogues and commentaries• 29 characters• Each character would tell __ stories
going and __ stories coming home• Tales would be written in _____, rather
than French or Latin, so ordinary _____ could enjoy them.
• Techniques, such as ____ and irony, allowed Chaucer to express his views on British ____
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Key Literary Terms
• Frame story
• Prologue
• Characterization
• Satire– Estate satire
• Hyperbole
• Stereotype
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Frame Story
• Literary genre
• A narrative structure providing the framework for connecting a series of otherwise unrelated tales
• Introductory material for more significant secondary tale or tales
• Also called frame narrative, frame tale
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Prologue
• An introductory section of a literary work. It often contains information establishing the situation of the characters or presents information about the setting, time period, or action.
• In the "General Prologue" of The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer describes the main characters and establishes the setting and purpose of the work.
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Characterization• The method used by a writer to develop a
character. The method includes – Description of physical appearance– Presentation of speech, thoughts, feelings and
actions– Presentation of other characters’ thoughts as
they relate to the character
• Direct or indirect characterization
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Satire• A literary mode based on criticism of people and
society through ridicule. The satirist aims to reduce the practices attacked by laughing scornfully at them--and being witty enough to allow the reader to laugh, also.
• Techniques such as irony and hyperbole accentuate the ridicule and add humor.
• Estate Satire - a genre that satirizes the abuses that occur among social classes
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The Three Estates: Social divisions in Chaucer’s time: mid-fourteenth century
• First Estate: Church, clergy– Intellectuals: Clerics (clerks)
• Second Estate: Nobility, knights
• Middle Class– Mercantile Class: Merchants, businessmen
• Third Estate or Peasantry: Farmers
• Feminine Estate: Virgin, wife, and widow
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Hyperbole
• Exaggeration or overstatement
• Often emphasized by alliterationor rhyming couplets
• In Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, look for exaggerations to character traits, interests, concerns, and physical attributes as narrator describes characters on the way to Canterbury
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Stereotype
1. A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image.
2. One who is regarded as embodying or conforming to a set image or type.
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But why go to Canterbury?
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Reason #1: Religion• Canterbury has always been
an important _____ center in England.
• St. Augustine (seen in stained glass from the Canterbury Cathedral) was sent by Pope Gregory the Great to _____ the Catholic faith in the country
• _____ played an important part in medieval life.
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Why was religion important?
• Middle Ages was riddled with strife and disease– ____ (“Ring around the rosy…”)– ______– High Infant ______ Rate– Short ______ Expectancy– Harsh ____ Conditions (“peas, porridge, hot…”)
• Medieval people saw much ___ and had little to look forward to except going to ____
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Reason #2: Canterbury was a Popular ________ Site
…help with medical,
financial or other
problems.
People of all classes went on pilgrimages to holy sitesto ask for…
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Reason #3: Canterbury is the location of the shrine of St. ______ à Becket,
an important ____ century political and ____ figure
Stained glass window from Canterbury Cathedral of St. Thomas a Becket
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Becket was a trusted adviser and friend of King Henry II. In 1162, Henry named Becket _______ of Canterbury.
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Becket’s _______ angered the King. One day, King Henry complained, “Will no one rid me of this meddlesome ______?” Three ____ rode to Canterbury where they found Becket at the altar of Canterbury Cathedral.
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In 1170, King Henry’s men _________ Becket at the altar.
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The death of Becket angered the ______,
who felt his ____ heritage made him
one of them.
Soon after, he was _____ by Pope
Alexander. He was also venerated as a
_____ and ____ by the Catholic Church.
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____________ Cathedral became a site for _________
to offer prayers to Saint _________.
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Today, a modern _____ made from ______ marks the site of the _____.
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The fact that Chaucer wrote in English (____ English), rather than French or Latin like many of his fellow writers, meant that ordinary folks could enjoy The Canterbury Tales and their vivid characters.
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Chaucer surrounded by his characters.
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The late 14th century world was still very much one of the spoken word. Books were copied out by ____ and were a rare luxury until the advent of the printing press ___ years later. While the educated elite could read, they preferred to be entertained by texts read ____.
The Canterbury Tales, with its ____ humor and _____ dialogue, was and still is enjoyed by all ages and classes for its broad and inclusive depiction of Medieval life, culture, and people.
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So, let’s travel back to ___ century London, to the area called Southwark,
and begin at the _____ Inn.
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We’ll meet the characters and hear their stories.