Download - Planet Mars
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A Report in Natural Science I
PLANET MARS
Presented by:
Sheila Miranda BSE-I
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TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
• Basics
• Orbit
• Topography
• Climate
• Water
• Geological Periods
• Atmosphere
• Interior
• The 2 Moons of Mars
• Missions to Mars
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BASICS
• Fourth planet from the sun.
• Named after the Roman God of Wars
• Called the “RED PLANET” because of the iron oxide (rust) in the surface.
• Earth is 9x bigger than Mars
• Apparent Magnitude: -3.0 to 1.6
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ORBIT OF MARS
• Mars is 230 million km away from the sun.
• Mars’ solar day (sol) = 24 hours and 39 minutes
• Mars revolution = 687 earth days
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MOONS OF MARS
Phobos & Deimos
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MOONS OF MARS
• discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall
• origin is possibly asteroid capture.
• named after Greek mythology characters Panic and Dread
• no total solar eclipses in Mars ; total lunar eclipses happen every night
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ATMOSPHERE
• Consists of 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon and traces of oxygen and water
• No magnetosphere
• Extremely thin atmosphere
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INTERIOR
• Core – consists of iron + sulfur, partially fluid
• Mantle – silicate
• Crust – 50-125 km thick
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TOPOGRAPHY
Olympus Mons
- Highest mountain in the solar system (27km height)
Valles Marineris
- Largest known canyon in the solar system (4000km long)
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TOPOGRAPHY
Borealis Basin
- (northern hemisphere) covers 40% of the planet
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TOPOGRAPHY
Sinus Meridiani
- Mars’ Prime Meridian
Hellas Impact Basin
- Biggest impact crater in Mars
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WATER IN MARS
Water was speculated to be once present in Mars, but today, water cannot exist due to low atmospheric pressure (except in low areas).
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WATER IN MARS
Signs of water once existing in the planet include:
• Its two permanent polar ice caps seem to be made of water.
• Geographical features that show water run-off or erosion.
• Detection of specific minerals that are only present in water.
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CLIMATE
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CLIMATE
• Largest dust storm in the solar system
• Mars seasons are most Earth-like among all planets in the solar system
• Temperature: -87˚C (winter) to -5˚C (summer)
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GEOLOGICAL PERIODS Noachian Period
• named after Noachis Terra
• 4.5 – 3.5 billion years ago
• oldest surfaces of Mars were created in this period, like the Tharsis bulge
Hesperian Period
• named after Hesperia Planum
• 3.5 to 2.9 billion years ago
• marked by the formation of extensive lava plains
Amazonian Period
• named after Amazonis Planetia
• 2.9 billion years ago to present
• Olympus Mons formed during this period
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EXPLORATION
Active Martian probes as of 2011:
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2006)
• Mars Express (2003)
• Mars Odyssey (2001)
• Opportunity Rover (2004)
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EXPLORATIONPast Missions:
• Mariner 4
• Mars 2 and 3
• Viking Program
• Mars Pathfinder
• Sojourner
• Phoenix Mars
Future Missions:
• Curiosity (2011)
• ExoMars (2018)
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MAN ON MARS?
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Q U E S T I O N S ?