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PLANTS THERMOREGULATION
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Introduction
• 3 plants have thermoregulation activities:
– Philodendrum selloum– Symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage) – Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus)
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Philodendrum selloum
• Flower temperature:38 – 46 °C
• In air temperature:4 – 39 °C
• Period of regulation:18 – 24 hours
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Symplocarpus foetidus(skunk cabbage)
• Flower temperature:15 – 22 °C
• In air temperature:-15 – 10 °C
• Period of regulation:> 2 weeks
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Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus)
• Flower temperature:30 – 37 °C
• In air temperature:10 – 35 °C
• Period of regulation:2 – 4 days
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WHY THERMOREGULATE?
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Why should plants produce heat?
• Scent vaporization Partial explanation
• Plants reproduction
Insects prefer warm environment
Plants may require constant temperature for proper development
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Thermoregulation & Pollination
• Philodendrum selloum florets:
– fertile males– female– Sterile males
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Thermoregulation & PollinationPollen bearing insects
can access the warm sterile floret
SPATHE opens
Flower cools down; SPATHE folds around some insects
Beetle brush pollen onto receptive female florets
12h later
Pollen bearing beetles escape
Flower warms up; SPATHE reopens; fertile male release pollen
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Thermoregulation & Pollination
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Thermoregulation & Pollination
• Advantages of this process:– Promoting cross-pollination– Prevents self-pollination
INCREASED GENETIC DIVERSITY
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HOW IS IT BEING DONE?
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Which part of the plant?oxygen consumption rate
measurements
Sterile males
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Sterile males
• Electron microscopy examination:– Fat droplets– Many mitochondria
BROWN FAT TISSUE
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Brown fat tissue
• No use of ATP molecules• Direct heat production• High rate heat production
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High rate heat production
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Oxygen intake
• No lungs• No circulation
HOW DOES THE PLANT GAINS ITS OXYGEN SUPPLY?
Diffusion !!!
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Oxygen diffusion
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
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Environmental factors
• 2 environmental factors may affect thermoregulation:
– Light cycle– Temperature
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Environmental factors
• A study was designed: Intact sacred lotus flowers were studied outdoor under three conditions
1. Natural temperature and light cycles 2. Reversed temperature and constant
darkness3. Reversed temperature and natural light
cycle
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Results
Group 1:
Night Air temperature ↓
Flower oxygen consumption ↑
Flower temperature constant
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Results
Group 1: Normal
Day Air temperature ↑
Flower oxygen consumption ↓
Flower temperature constant
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Results
Group 1: Normal
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Results
Group 2: Constant darkness
Night Air temperature ↓
Flower oxygen consumption ↑
Flower temperature constant
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Results
Group 2: Constant darkness
Night Air temperature ↑
Flower oxygen consumption ↓
Flower temperature constant
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Results
Group 2: Constant darkness
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Results
Group 2: Reverse temperature
Night Air temperature ↑
Flower oxygen consumption ↓
Flower temperature constant
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Results
Group 3: Reverse temperature
Day Air temperature ↓
Flower oxygen consumption ↑
Flower temperature constant
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Results
Group 3: Reverse temperature
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Conclusion
Thermoregulation responses of the sacred lotus depend on temperature and are not influenced by photoperiod
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References
• Seymour RS. 1997. Plants that warm themselves. Scientific American March 1997, 104-109.
• Seymour RS, Schultze-Motel P and Lamprecht I. 1998. Heat production by sacred lotus flowers depends on ambient temperature, not light cycle. Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 49, No. 324, 1213-1217.