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Plate TectonicsLiz LaRosa for use with my 5th Grade Science Class
http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2009
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Earth’s LayersThe Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed.
This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle.
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The Crust
• Outermost layer• 5 – 100 km thick• Made of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum
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The Mantle• Layer of Earth
between the crust and the core
• Contains most of the Earth’s mass
• Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust
• Is denser than the crust
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The Core
• Below the mantle and to the center of the Earth
• Believed to be mostly Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium
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Tectonic Plates
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Plate Tectonics
• Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder• Pieces of the lithosphere that move around• Each plate has a name• Fit together like jigsaw puzzles• Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes
in a bowl of water
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Continental Drift
http://members.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml
Alfred Wegener 1900’sContinents were once a single land mass that drifted apart.
Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents
Called this supercontinent Pangea, Greek for “all Earth”
245 Million years ago
Split again – Laurasia & Gondwana 180 million years ago
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Evidence of Pangea
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Sea Floor Spreading
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Sea Floor Spreading
• Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain chains that run through the Earth’s Basins
• Magma rises to the surface and solidifies and new crust forms
• Older Crust is pushedfarther away from the ridge
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How Plates Move
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html
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Different Types of Boundaries
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html
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Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates
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Divergent Boundary – Iceland
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html
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Divergent Boundary - Oceanic
http://www.geology.com
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Divergent Boundary - Continental
http://www.geology.com
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Convergent Boundary – Indian and Eurasian Plates
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Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Continental
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com
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Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Oceanic
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com
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Convergent Boundaries - Continental
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com
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Transform Boundary – San Andreas Fault
www.geology.com
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Review
• Name the 3 main layers of the Earth• What is a tectonic plate?• What was Pangea?• What is Sea-Floor spreading?• Name the three different types of plate
boundaries and one location on Earth for each one