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Basic Components of Pneumatics & Applications
ByK. Sai VishnuK. Nagarjuna
Overview
Introduction
Transmission of Energy
Receiver Tank
Valves
Cylinder
Applications
Introduction
Meaning: Pneuma+Tics
Study of systems operated under air
pressure
Advantages:
1. Components are lighter
2. Air is cheap
3. Explosion proof
4. Easily transportable
5. Variable speed
Transmission of energy Accomplishment of work requires the application of
kinetic energy.
In a Pneumatic system, energy is stored in a
potential state.Compressor
Filters
Pressure Switch
Safety Relief Valve
Pressure Regulator
Valves
Receiver Tank
Cylinder
Positive Displacement Compressor Parts:
1. Movable member2. Piston3. Crank shaft4. Inlet & Outlet ports
Functioning:
1. As the crankshaft pulls the piston down, an increasing volume is formed within the housing
2. When pressure differential between the compressor chamber and discharge line is high enough, the discharge valve opens, leading to outlet
Bicycle Pump
Control of Pressure and Energy Energy:
1. If energy is not under control, useful work will
not be done and machinery or machine
operators might be harmed
2. Energy can be controlled relatively easily by
using valves.
Pressure:
1. Control of pressure is a crucial task in
pnuematics.
2. Control of pressure is required after the
compressor as a safety for the system
3. Control of pressure after an air receiver tank is
necessary so that an actuator receives a
steady pressure
Filters
A Pneumatic filter is a device which removes
contaminants from a compressed air stream
By using a "media" type that traps particulates filtering
can be done. Primary Pneumatic
filters will remove
particles as small as 5
micrometres from the
air.
Secondary filters are
used for a variety of
applications and can
remove particles as
small as 50 nanometres
in size
Components of Compressor Filters:
1. They consists of, series of filer apparatus that remove the dust
2. Removal of dust is required to avoid damage to the components
Pressure switch:1. System pressure is sensed with a spring-loaded
piston 2. Electrical signals are used3. As pressure in the receiver tank rises, it forces the
piston upward Safety relief valve:1. Failure of a control system to function properly, a
positive displacement compressor system is generally equipped with a safety relief valve.
2. A spring holds the poppet firmly on its seat
Safety Relief Valve
Pressure Switch
Receiver tank1. Energy delivered by a compressor is stored in air
receiver tank in the form of compressed air.2. Intermittent compressor operation in this manner is a
power saving benefit for the system.
Pressure regulator
1. A pressure regulator is positioned after a receiver tank and is used to portion out this stored energy to each leg of the circuit.
2. Air from the receiver can flow through the valve to a point downstream.
Pressure Regulator
Receiver Tank
Valves control the switching and routing of the air in a pneumatic system. Valves have to control the flow of compressed air, they also have to control the flow of exhaust air to the atmosphere.
There are two main types of valves used in pneumatic switching circuits, the 3/2 valve and the 5/2 valve.
1 2
3
2
1 3
4
5
Valves
The 3/2 valve is used to control
items such as single acting
cylinders which have a single
input. t to atmosphere.
The number 3 signifies that the
valve has three ports, whilst the
number 2 signifies that the valve
has 2 directions or states
.
3/2 Valve
The 5/2 valve is used to control
items such as double acting
cylinders which have two inputs.
The number 5 signifies that the
valve has five ports, whilst the
number 2 signifies that the valve
has 2 directions or states.
AIR PRESSURE SOURCE
EXHAUST AIR RETURN
EXHAUST AIR RETURN
PRESSURE OR MECHANICAL FORCE
PRESSURE OR MECHANICAL FORCE
5/2 Valve
OR- Shuttle valveThe “OR” element, or
Shuttle valve, is used whenever at least one of several different signals is required without exhausting that signal through the exhaust ports of the other devices.
Input 1 Input 2 Output
0ff 0ff 0ff
on Off On
Off On On
On On on
AND- Shuttle valve
The “AND” element, for multiplication functions, is used whenever 2 or more signals are required to be present before the desired function can begin
Input 1 Input 2 Output
0ff off 0ff
off 0n 0ff
0n off 0ff
on on on
www.PneumaticFanatics.org FIRST Kickoff - 2007 jrg
Valves are in Control Control Pressure
Relief Valves & Regulators Control Flow
Check Valves (used on compressor)
Flow Controls
Needle Valves
Flow Control Valve
This valve is also known as speed control valve Allows free flow in one direction but restricts flow in the other direction In the valve shown the free movement of air is from right to left and controlled flow is from left to right.Screw in this works just as a nozzle in a water pipe The air speed can be adjusted by using screw Defect:speed of the air will be deceased by minimum 5%
The Pneumatic Cylinder or Linear
ActuatorSpeed Valve Piston and
Rod Clevis
One Touch Quick Connect FittingCylinder
BodyPneumatic Mounting BracketCylinder Force = Pressure x
Piston Area
In a single acting cylinder, the piston is forced out by the pressure of the air. When the air supply is removed and the air inside the cylinder is allowed to escape, the piston moves back, driven by the force of a spring.
S Single Acting Cylinder
The double acting cylinder has two air connections. When compressed air is applied to one connector and the other connector is allowed to exhaust to atmosphere (i.e.. the air is allowed to escape freely), the piston is driven to one end of the cylinder. This type of cylinder gives greater power on the return stroke than the single acting cylinder, and also ensures that the piston is effectively locked in position at both ends of its stroke.
Double Acting Cylinder
Transmission of air
1.When the air supply is given to the valve, it will be directed in such a way that ,it helps for the positive displacement of the piston
2. During the negative displacement of the piston, the air coming out of the cylinder will be directed to the exhaust of the valve and passed out.
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
How to actuate the Double Acting Cylinder, so that the user can vary the speed of the cylinder , depending on his use ?
Try the circuit
Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder 3/2 Push button valve 3/2 lever Flow Control Valve Or- Shuttle Valve And- Shuttle Valve 3/2 Valve 5/2 Valve
ExplanationTo vary the speed , we have to use Flow Control Valve We have to use two 3/2 Push Button Valves, since one has to assigned to flow control valve
Perfect answer
ExplanationTo vary the speed , we have to use Flow Control Valve We have to use two 3/2 Push Button Valves, since one has to assigned to flow control valve
Wrong Answer
There are many applications of Pneumatics , some of them are:
1. Pneumatics can be used to separate objects from a bulk of objects
Example: This application is used in iron and bread industry.
2. Pneumatics can be used to rotate objects.
Applications of Pneumatics
How to create artificial blood?
The method by which artificial blood is created using pneumatics is Pneumatic Dust System Components required are: Air line tubi
ng, Permanent air red liquid , Compressed air duster, Tape
. Since we are using permanent liquid care should taken , otherwise red colour will spoil the clothes
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