Industrialapplication of SOFC
systems in waste water treatment plants -Technical details
Industrial application of SOFC systems:
the DEMOSOFC project - Turin, 14/11/2017
Andrea Lanzini and Marta GandiglioPolitecnico di Torino
22
Outline
Facts on wastewater treatment plants (WWTP)
Biogas production in Europe
Biogas-fuel cell potential in Europe
Integrated WWTP-SOFC plants for increasing self-sufficiency
The case study of the DEMOSOFC plant (energy planning, design, construction and operation)
33
Facts on wastewater treatment plants
4% of the nation’s electricity use goes towards moving and treating water and wastewater by public and private entities1.
The level of access to improved sanitation across the European and North American region is relatively high (95%)
Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are among the most expensive public industries in terms of energy requirements accounting for more than 1% of the consumption of electricity in Europe3.
[1] Electric Power Research Institute, Water & Sustainability (Volume 4): U.S. Electricity Consumption for Water Supply & Treatment—the Next Half Century, 1006787, Topical Report, March 2002
[2] The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017, Wastewater. The untapped resource
[3] http://www.enerwater.eu/enerwater-project-waste-water-treatment-plants/
44
Water and sustainability
SDG 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Source: The United Nations World Water Development Report
2017, Wastewater. The untapped resource
88
Market potential of fuel cells fed with sewage biogas
About 24,000 WWTPs in Europe
We estimated within the DEMOSOFC project a potential of up to 1 GW electric of fuel cell capacity to be installed in WWTPs.
99
Top 10 of the largest WWTPs in Europe
The top 10 largest plants treat about 5% of
the overall demand in Europe
1515
Energy Planning Tool (EPT)
Development of an Energy Planning Tool (EPT), or Energy Simulation Tool, with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI)
ETP is a time-resolved hourly simulation tool that provides valuable information on the system energy performance according to user-defined input variables and system constraints
A PID regulator is also able to automatically control the SOFC power output based on the amount of biogas available in the gas holder
The ETP serves as the simulation platform for a thorough techno-economic optimization of the integrated biogas SOFC plant
1818
Number of modules in the DEMOSOFC plant
Number of modules 1 2 3 4
Biogas share for electricity production 26.7% 53.4% 76.5% 97.8%
Equivalent capacity factor at full load 100.0% 99.8% 95.7% 87.3%
Number of forced shut-down due to
biogas shortage (during reference
period)
0 0 1 4
Average electrical efficiency 53.16% 53.15% 53.05% 52.66%
Average thermal efficiency 80.00% 79.96% 79.09% 77.35%
Biogas data: 2014
2121
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Gas
ho
lder
lev
el (
m)
Hours (h)
Biogas availability
The digester is currently producing a high biogas flow rate. Biogas is also used for sludge heating in boilers
1500 m3
2323
Biogas quality
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
CH
4, C
O2
(%)
Time (h)
CH4 CO2
2424
Biogas cleaning system
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Sil
ox
anes
(m
gS
i/m
3),
H2S
(p
pm
)
Time (h)
Siloxanes
H2S
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
Sulfur compounds
H2S
(m
g/m
3)
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
D5 D6 L5
Si
(mg
/m3
)
2626
Power production
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Po
wer
fro
m S
OF
C (
kW
)
Hours (h)
Until this morning, the SOFC module has produced more
than 9’800 kWh
53-56% electrical efficiency
constantly measured at the site from October 31st
2727
Electrical load coverage
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Ele
ctri
c p
ow
er [
kW
]
Electric load [kW] DEMOSOFC production [kW]
DEMOSOFC system (175 kWe) will be able to cover 25-30% of the WWTP electrical load
2929
Acknowledgments
Risorse Idriche (SMAT internalengineering company)
Ugo Fausone, director of the works
Paolo Melotto, Assistant of the works
SMAT people
Luciano Fea, Bruno Biddau, Francesco Sforza, Amleto Raffo
Eugenio Lorenzi, Paolo Cannone, Nicoletta Mesiano
All the SMAT managing team, thanksfor your essential support!
Companies involved in the plant construction
ICEF costruzioni (Massimo Contiero)
Baratella F.lli (Massimo Baratella, Luca Taormina and all the staff)
Coop. Viridia (Giorgio Lombardo, Alessandro Bettin and allthe staff)
Biokomp (Paolo Guerra, Dominique del Genovese and allthe staff)
Components and services suppliers
BD Automation (Davide Belvedere, Fabio Troncale, Francesco Moraca)
Aston (hydro-thermal industrial components, Dr. Bussone)
Endress-Hauser (measurement instruments)
Siemens (PLC)
ABB
External experts
Ing. Gianpiero Mensa
Prof. Marina Clerico
Thank you!
www.demosofc.eu Steps POLITO
Steps POLITO
DEMOSOFC [email protected]
https://demosofc.wordpress.com
Andrea Lanzini, POLITOMarta Gandiglio, POLITO