Pollination
Because plants can’t go find a mate they require the help of:Abiotic - Pollination by wind, water or
gravityBiotic - Pollination by animals like,
insects, birds, small mammals, bats, etc.
Abiotic – Wind pollination – Most commonFlowers are usually unscented.Have either very reduced petals and sepals or
lack them altogether.Do not produce nectar.Male and female reproductive structures are
commonly found in separate plants. The male plants have numerous exposed
stamens, often on long filaments; The female flowers have long, often branched,
feathery stigmas.
Why?
If you are not trying to attract a pollinator, you do not need to advertise.
It saves on energy.Negative – you need
to release A LOT of pollen – part of the reason so many people have allergies.
Biotic Pollination
What are critters that YOU have seen pollinating? Make a list, now. . .
The plant must supply something:Some kind of reward such as food (nectar)Some way to advertise such as odor, color, shape,
texture.A way to get the pollen on the visitor but also a way to
transfer it to the next flower.
Pollination by Bats
Over 300 species of fruit depend on bats for pollination.Mangoes, bananas, guavas
Flowers visited by bats usuallyOpen at nightLarge in size (1 – 3.5 inches)Pale or white in colorVery fragrantCopious dilute nectar
They also feed on the insects in the flowers
Partnerships
The yucca plant and yucca moths are so interdependent that they can not live without each other.
The female moth pollinates the plant and then lays her eggs in the ovary.
She can smell if another female has already laid eggs in an ovary.
Some of the seeds will help feed the larvae.
Pollination by Deception - Orchids
Food DeceptionFalsely advertise the
presence of food by bright colors and sweet scent.
Reproduction Deception
Some orchids have co-evolved to be pollinated by one specific type of insect
The male “thinks” he is mating with a female because the plant looks so much like the female insect.
The plant wins because pollination occurred.
Test Questions:
What are three characteristics of plants pollinated by abiotic factors?
What are three characteristics of plants pollinated by biotic factors?
Answers
What are three characteristics of plants pollinated by abiotic factors?Small flowersExposed pollenNo bright colorsNo scentLots of pollenLonger stamen and stigmas