Download - Polymers in Cables
A Comprehensive Approach to Wire & Cable Material Enhancement
Polymers in Cables
Cray Valley HSC2
Overview
• Curing Performance Rubber- Coagent Definition
- Performance Measures
- Applications
• Inorganic Mineral Dispersion- Mineral Dispersion
- NHFR Transition
- Property Balancing
• Flow & Processibility Optimization- Flow Modification
- Nylon Chain Extension
- TPE Flow Optimization
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Coagent Function
• Coagents increase the quantity of crosslinks formed by
making more efficient use of radicals
- Minimize beta scission reactions
- Maximize crosslink-forming reactions
• Through the proper choice of coagents, the quality of the
crosslinks can be changed as well
- Alter the bond strength of linkage
- Alter network polarity
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Coagent Types
• Type I Coagents: Increase both the rate and state of cure
- Generate very reactive radicals
- Polar molecules usually of low molecular weight
- Capable of homopolymerization as well as grafting
- Typical structures include acrylate and methacrylate esters, bismaleimides
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Coagent Types
• Type II Coagents: Primarily increase the state of cure only
- Generate less reactive, more stable radicals
- Higher molecular weight unsaturated molecules, oligomers and polymers
- Can be used at higher loadings due to increased compatibility with most elastomer systems
- Contain allylic hydrogens capable of abstraction
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Cure Profiles
• The addition of coagents to a compound alters the:
- Cure kinetics (scorch - t2, cure time - t90)
- Ultimate state-of-cure (maximum torque - S)
A – Peroxide cure
C – Type II coagent
B – Type I coagent
torq
ue
(dN
m)
time (minutes)
t2t2* t90
* t90
A
BC
S*
S
torq
ue
(dN
m)
time (minutes)
t2t2* t90
* t90
A
BC
S*
S
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Rubber Study
Polymers
• EPDM (72, 6)• EPM (65)• EVA (18)• EVM (50)• CPE
Polymers
• EPDM (72, 6)• EPM (65)• EVA (18)• EVM (50)• CPE
Type II Coagent
High Vinyl Polybutadiene(Ricon® 154)
2 phr {3 phr in CPE}
Type II Coagent
High Vinyl Polybutadiene(Ricon® 154)
2 phr {3 phr in CPE}
Evaluation Criteria
• Rheometry Data (ODR)• Tensile Strength• Elongation• Modulus• Compression Set• Water Resistance• Heat Aging Properties• Electrical Properties
Volume Resistivity Dielectric Strength
Evaluation Criteria
• Rheometry Data (ODR)• Tensile Strength• Elongation• Modulus• Compression Set• Water Resistance• Heat Aging Properties• Electrical Properties
Volume Resistivity Dielectric Strength
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Cure State, ODR Torque
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Electrical Properties
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Water Resistance
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Wire & Cable Applications
Down Hole Oil Well Service Cables
- Deep well applications
- Temperatures >260oC
- Highly corrosive
- Ricon 154
- Highly loaded: 25 – 40 phr
Submarine Power Transmission
- Large diameter high voltage cables (>50 kV)
- Ricon 153 & 154
- Moisture resistance
- Insulation property
- Highly loaded: 25 – 40 phr
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Dispersing Methodologies
Pre-treated (2 & 3) ATH tended to aerate less (EH&S Win)
Material process improvements: torque & throughput (Productivity Win)
Reduced dilution of EVA matrix (Formulation Win)
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Improved Dispersion
No Dispersant Starve CoatedMechanical
Fewer instances of a large aggregate in coated samples and relative aggregate size reduction
Dispersion efficiency was comparable between mechanical and starve coating methods
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Impact on Ductility
Mechanical coating and wet coating were equally viable methods
Integration of functional polybutadiene can coincide with mineral surface treatment
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Influence on Flammability
UL94 V-2UL94 V-2 UL94 V-0UL94 V-0 UL94 V-2UL94 V-2
Pre-coating ATH with dispersant not only maintained the flammability performance, but also improved it
Dispersing augments the ‘self-extinguishing’ nature of the filled polymer
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Heat & Smoke Generation
Heat Release Rate (HRR) improved with the introduction of dispersant
Rate of Smoke Release (RSR) was lowest in composition prepared using starve coating
Dispersant coatings in general imparted better HRR and RSR to EVA/ATH composite
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Increase Flow
Nylon chain extension:
• Productivity
• Mechanical properties
• Thermal properties
Flow Control
TPE plasticization:
• Softness
• Flow
• Productivity
Flow Modification
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THHN & THHW Cables
• High/Low Tg chain extension
• Melt flow control & optimization
• Hydrophobicity & dielectric
properties
Thermoplastic Nylon
• Moisture content
• Dial in MFR
• Recycled content
HIGH LOW
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Flexible Wire
• Flexibility & softness
• Surface quality
• Relevant to:
- SBCs
- EVA
- Ethylene -olefins
Thermoplastic Elastomers
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Cray Valley HSC
• Leading global supplier of hydrocarbon resins, diene-based resins,
and specialty monomers
- Wingtack® and Norsolene® (C5 & C9 tackifiers)
- Poly bd®, KrasolTM, and Ricon® (low molecular weight liquid
polybutadiene resins)
- SMA® (styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resins)
- DymalinkTM (metal centered monomers)
• Annual sales over $350 million and has more than 340 employees
worldwide
• Company’s more than 250 products are manufactured at 9 sites in 4
countries
Polymers in Cables - 4/18/1221
Cray Valley HSCA Division of Total SA
Upstream Downstream Chemicals
Focus
• Oil & gas exploration• Production• Gas & power • Alternative energy
• Trading & shipping• Refining & marketing• Commodity & specialty fluids
• Base chemicals• Industrial & consumer market specialty chemicals
Sales (billion)
$24.6 $163.4 $23.2
Employees
17,192 32,631 41,658
Total, a partner in your challenges
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Cray Valley HSCFocus Markets
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Cray ValleyGlobal Presence
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Manufacturing
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Cray Valley HSC
•For additional information about Cray Valley, its products
or its work in Hydrocarbon Specialty Chemicals,
visit www.CVPolymerAdditives.com.