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Amanda Fritz, Commissioner | Michael Stuhr, PE, Administrator
Portland Water Bureau
Drinking Water Source ProtectionA Multi‐Faceted Approach to Groundwater Protection
September 11, 2018
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Portland Water System Overview
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Role of Groundwater in Portland• Provides about 5% of Portland’s total water supply (at times 100%)
• Currently supplying 42 MGD, about 40%
• Emergency backup to Bull Run during turbidity events or other outages
• Summer ‐ Fall seasonal augmentation of the Bull Run supply
• Helps offset surface water releases required to maintain fish habitat in Bull Run river
• Helps mitigate potential effects of climate change on water supply
• Helps meet water demands of future growth
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Bull Run Supply Challenges –Summer, Sediment, and Salmon
Winter Turbidity• 10 Events• 108 Days• 7.7 BG Groundwater• Supply is 100% Groundwater
Summer Supply Augmentation• 15 Events• 791 Days (and counting!)• 33 BG Groundwater• Supply is Blended GW/SW
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Usable Bull Run Reservoir Storage
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Summer Drawdown & Groundwater
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Columbia South Shore Well Field
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1988 ‐ Early Groundwater ProtectionPlanning‐Driven Approach• Columbia South Shore Plan District Amended
• Prohibited some uses (e.g. gas stations)• Affected new and re‐development only• High risk uses required special review
Columbia South Shore Plan District
City Wells⎊
GovernmentIsland
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Limitations of Original Program• Political boundary, not science‐based• Exempted existing non‐conforming uses• No reporting, inspection or enforcement
Columbia South Shore Plan District
30-year Time of Travel for City Wells
Proposed Well Head Protection Area
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2000 ‐ Groundwater ProtectionSource Water Assessment Approach• Delineated well head protection area based on 30 year time of travel
• Inventoried potential contamination sources• Developed requirements to address risks
Well Head Protection Area
30-year Time of Travel
G r e s h a m
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Risk Assessment & Source Inventory
• Zoning/Land Use• DEQ Information
• Hazardous Waste Management System, Underground Storage Tanks, and Cleanup Sites
• Other Agency Data• State Fire Marshall & City stormwater program identified 1,000 sites
• Public Information• Business names and address listings used to identify other potential sites
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Variety of Land UsesCommercial
Agriculture
Residential
Open Space
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Variety of Business Types
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Risk Modeling
Quantitative risk assessment• Hydrogeology + Chemical Uses
Greatest risk of groundwater impacts determined to be:
• Solvent Spills• Activities in Facilities• Non-Conforming Uses
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Groundwater Protection Program
1. Protection area2. Regulation of specific chemicals
• Threshold quantities determine if regulations apply
3. Functional area requirements• Both structural & operational• Employee Training
4. Inspections & enforcement 5. Education & technical assistance
WhereWhat
How
Why
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Columbia South ShoreWell Head Protection Area
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Reference Manual & P.I.G.
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Regulated Chemical Thresholds
Halogenated Solvents – 10 gal
DEQ Hazardous Wastes – 30 gal
EPA’s ‘List‐of‐Lists’ Substances – 50 gal(There is a searchable version on our website)
Petroleum‐Based Liquid Fuels – 50 gal (reporting only for non‐fuel petroleum)
Wellhead protection regulations apply if a facility handles more than these amounts:
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PerspectiveHow many gallons of water can be contaminated by ONE gallon of trichloroethylene (TCE)?(TCE is a solvent typically used to clean metal parts)
292 million gallonsMaximum
Contaminant Level Standard
5 ug/l (ppb)
Maximum Contaminant Level GOAL
0
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Glacial Lakes Missoula & Columbia
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Structural Requirements
• Impervious Surfaces
• Secondary Containment
• Spill Control
Includes Fueling
Includes vehicle & equipment maintenance
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Area 1 – Indoor Storage• Meet Oregon Fire Code spill control and containment requirements
• Impermeable surfaces required• Floor drains connected to sewer or plugged
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Area 2 – Outdoor Storage
• Impervious area• Covered• Secondary containment
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Impervious area with spill containment & response
Covered or contained to prevent stormwater run-off Uncovered may be permitted
with City inspection & approval
Area 3 – Loading Area
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Area 4 ‐ Site Transportation Routes
• Routes must be paved (except rail)• Must provide spill containment• Facilities may satisfy requirement by transporting hazardous materials in secondary containment
Valve tocontain spillsValve to
contain spills
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Area 5 – Public Right‐of‐Way
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Operational Requirements
• Pollution Prevention Team• Good Housekeeping• Spill Prevention & Clean‐up• Inspections• Record Keeping• Employee Training• Annual Reporting• Site Plan
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Annual Reporting – Pre‐2017
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Annual Reporting – New System
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Inspection and Enforcement
Gresham & Fairview: Shared environmental inspector
Planning and Permit Review
Portland: Fire Bureau, bi-annual compliance inspections for all businesses
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Handy Magnets for Reference
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Technical Assistance, Outreach and Education
• Columbia Corridor Association • On‐site technical assistance, workshops, supplies for businesses
• Cities of Portland, Gresham & Fairview• Inspections, technical assistance
• Columbia Slough Watershed Council• Family events, school education, classes
We reach thousands of people every year!
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Groundwater Monitoring• 80+ Active monitoring wells
• Timely warning of potential problems
• Allows use of well field for water supply with increased confidence
• Helps track progress of DEQ site cleanups
• Integral to policy of source water protection
• Zero detection goal for man‐made contaminants
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Monitoring & Remediation
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Monitoring Program Results Supply wells not affected: most instances of groundwater
contamination are older, shallow and isolated; all active city production wells are negative for man‐made contaminants
Good natural geologic protection: fine‐grained floodplain deposits and confining units between aquifers
Recent core of Confining Unit 2
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Groundwater Protection Program