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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPSPOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Tim Berschauer – Charles P. Crowley Companyy p y
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VARIOUS TYPES of P.D. PUMPS:1 Di h1. Diaphragm
– Mechanically Actuated MeteringHydraulically Actuated Metering– Hydraulically Actuated Metering
– Solenoid Driven Metering– Air Operated Diaphragm (A.O.D.) Ope ated ap ag ( O )
2. Peristaltic (Hose/Tube)3. Progressive Cavity 4. Gear
– External Spur Gear– Internal Gear– Magnetically coupled
5 Rotary Lobe5. Rotary Lobe6. Sliding Vane
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WHAT IS A DIAPHRAGM METERING PUMP?
• Positive displacement, not dynamic.Positive displacement, not dynamic.– Known amount of fluid is displaced per stroke.– Flow is independent of backpressure.
Stand alone metering capability– Stand alone metering capability.• Reciprocating flow – not continuous flow.• Precise (metered) displacement of fluid (typically GPH or
LPH, not GPM or LPM).• Uses stroking piston to actuate a diaphragm (either by
mechanical or hydraulic means), which in turns displaces ffluid.
• Flow is dependent upon:– Strokes/minute (SPM).– Stroke position (how far the piston is allowed to move
back and forth).
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WET END DIAPHRAGMWET END DIAPHRAGM ACTUATION
MECHANICALLY HYDRAULICALLY MECHANICALLY ACTUATED DIAPHRAGM
HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED DIAPHRAGM
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HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED DIAPHRAGMDIAPHRAGM
• Hydraulic balancing - no diaphragm point stressesdiaphragm point stresses.
• Diaphragm acts as “separator” and does no workwork.
• High pressure capability (3500 psi+).Long term life• Long term life.
• Accuracy of up to +/- 1/2%.• Solid TFE diaphragm as
t d dstandard.• Metallic diaphragm offerings
available.• High and low flow rates
possible (0.13 GPH – 3500 GPH).
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MECHANICALLY ACTUATED DIAPHRAGM
• Diaphragm mechanically attached to piston.
• Low pressure li ti (<350 i )applications (<350 psig).
• Low to medium capacity (up to 200 GPH).
• Accuracy of +/- 2%.Accuracy of / 2%.• Lower initial cost.• No hydraulic fluid,
simpler to maintain.• Limited low flow
capability.• Lower life expectancy.• TFE faced elastomeric• TFE faced elastomeric
diaphragm.
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SOLENOID ACTUATED GDIAPHRAGM
• Diaphragm mechanically tt h d t i tattached to piston.
• Low pressure applications (<350 psig).
• Accuracy of +/- 2%.• Very low flow capability (3
GPD – 25 GPH (high ))end)).
• No motor – solenoid driven diaphragm.
• TFE faced elastomeric diaphragm.
• Compact footprint.p p• Limited options – “pump in
a box”.• Low cost.
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FLATFLAT DIAPHRAGM
• Appropriate for most clean, thin to moderately viscous fluid pumpingmoderately viscous fluid pumping applications.
• Many different wet-end materials of construction available.
• Far and away the most popular diaphragm design.
• Available in both mechanically actuated and hydraulically actuated versions.a d yd au ca y actuated e s o s
• Diaphragm leak detection adaptable.• Three valve system keeps hydraulics
stable.
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TUBULAR DIAPHRAGM• Appropriate for clean fluids or slurries with water like to
highly viscous properties.• Inherent double diaphragm pump• Inherent double diaphragm pump.• Leak detection adaptable.• Available only in hydraulically actuated diaphragm style.
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CONE DIAPHRAGM• Appropriate for clean fluids or slurries with water like to
highly viscous properties. g y p p• Superior suction lift capabilities.• Available in only hydraulically actuated diaphragm style.
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Gas Handling Design
Eliminates gas buildup that normally causes metering pumps to Vapor Lock
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AIR OPERATED DOUBLE DIAPHRAGM
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PERISTALTIC TUBE PUMPS60 psi (4 bar) max
Change Tube every
Model 624SR
Washdown
Model 62SR
30-60 days for Safety
Primary Advantage is Ease of Maintenance
Model 623SR
Model 621FXRModel 621FR
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Precision Metering in Low Pressure Applications
• Non-Reciprocating Design is Ideal for Gaseous Chemicals• Limited Tube Life and Pressure Capacity
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PROGRESSING CAVITY PUMPS
I t f Fit R t /St t C bi ti•Interference Fit Rotor/Stator Combination •Mechanical Seal and limited magnetically coupled designs•Lubricated by Process Fluid•Excellent for High Viscosity and High Solids Content Fluids•Polymers, High Pressure RAS/WAS, Sludge Transfer
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Progressing Cavity Fluid Transmissiong g y
• A “Cavity” is formedA Cavity is formed between the metallic “Rotor” and the elastomeric “Stator”
• The rotation of the rotor element causes the “Cavity” to index forwardforward
• Fluids are extruded through the pumpthrough the pump
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EXTERNAL GEAR PUMPS
Constant, Pulseless Flow Lubricated by Process Fluid Ideal for Chemical Transfer and Select Feeding Applications
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GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTIONGEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION
Gear Materials:Alloy CyAlloy 20TeflonPEEKCarbon
S i l tSpecial on request
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GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION
Wear Plates
GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION
Wear Plates:Protect the housing
against wear fromagainst wear from the gears
Materials:Carbon TeflonPEEKCeramicSilicon CarbideSilicon Carbide
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GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION
Bearings
GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION
BearingsSupport the drive and
idler shaftsMaterials:CarbonTeflonPEEK
Sili C bidSilicon Carbide
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GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION
Shaft Seal
GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION
Shaft SealPrevents leakage of
fluid along drive shaftfluid along drive shaftSeal Types:John Crane Type 9ypJohn Crane Type 21Teflon PackingGraphoil PackingMagnetic Coupling
(Hermetically Sealed)(Hermetically Sealed)
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MAGNETICALLY COUPLED GEAR PUMP
Fully non-metallic design with no shaft penetrations or mechanical seals
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FLUID PROPERTIES AND PUMP PERFORMANCE
What Affects Pump Performance?
NPSHrV vp G S TX X X X
Legend: V = Viscosity vp = Vapor Pressure
NPSHa Slip X X
vp Vapor Pressure G = Specific Gravity S = Solids Content T = Temperature
Wear Dry Lift
XX
XX
XX
Power X
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GEAR PUMP PERFORMANCEGEAR PUMP PERFORMANCE
Slip PathsSlip Paths
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Internal Gear PumpInternal Gear Pump
• Gears nest togetherGears nest together internally
• Suction/Discharge goriented at 90 degrees
• Lower shear than External Gear pumps.
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