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Postmodern Countercultures In America
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What is a counterculture?A movement in beliefs against the mainstream
cultureA group that lies outside of the mainstream
cultureA catalyst for change in the mainstream cultureA source of rich expression in:
ArtMusicFashion/styleLanguageDance
[Note: This presentation suggests general trends in countercultures. Not all participants in a group necessarily hold all or any of the beliefs listed here.]
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Beat Generation Started in late 1940’sBeat short for “Beatnik”Slogan: “Far out, man”Abstract art and poetryRejection of materialismCelebrated non-
conformity and spontaneous creativity
Precursors to the hippies
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Hippies – Flower ChildrenMovement began in
early 1960’s in San Francisco
Slogan: “Tune in, turn on, and drop out” (Timothy Leary)
Rejected mainstream political institutions
Avoided working for “the man”
Had “be-ins” and “drum circles”
Practiced and preached non-violence
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FeministsEmerged from the
Hippie counterculturePromise of self-reliance,
self-realization and freedom from duty
Embraced the sexual revolution
Fought for abortion rights and access to birth control
Wanted to be treated as equal to men
Slogan: “A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle.” (Irina Dunn)
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Hip Hop NationOriginated in the 1970s in
the inner city African American and Latino communities of New York City
Elements of the hip hop culture: MC-ing (rhythmic spoken
delivery of rhymes and wordplay)
DJ-ing (cutting, scratching, and sampling music)
Graffiti writing Beat-boxing Embracing hip hop fashion Slang
Became a way of dealing with the hardships of life as minorities in America
An outlet to deal with urban violence and gang culture
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Generation XPost Baby-Boomers (born
1961-1981) Counterculture emerged in
the 1980’s Also known as the 13th
generation or slackersMore focused on money
than on art or achievement“The generation without a
conscience”Slogan: “Numb and dumb”Hold the highest level of
education and lowest levels of income
Had “McJobs” instead of careers
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Other American CounterculturesGothsRastafarians Punks