Download - Postmodernism
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Postmodernism
IMKE Intro 05.09.2006
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Last time: Virtual realityWhat’s reality?What’s virtual?
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Postmodernism
Why on this course?• ...has a lot to do with (mass) media• ...has a close relation with constructivism
• ...is anchored to present phenomena• Need to analyse the relation of PM to new media... understanding ongoing discussion
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...modernism
• Historically positioned end of 1800 - WW2
• Related to– belief in scientific progress– industrialism– mechanical techno-optimism– economical rise
• ”Killed” by WW2
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Nature of postmodernism• cultural• philosophical• esthetical• follows European (French!) attitude
• reflects social and technologcal changes after WW2, end of 20th century
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Postmodernism
• Relativism w.r. truth and reality
• Constructivism• Analysis of mass-media dominated society
• Postmodernity ≈ social and cultural implications of postmodernism.
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Walter Benjamin
• era of mechanical reproduction.
• art has taken on a new meaning and is changing significantly from what it once was
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Jean Baudrillard
Critic of postmodernism• "hyperreality" - "simulation" • Unreal nature of contemporary culture in an age of mass communication and mass consumption
• Starting point: postmodern art - framing reality (to non reality)
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Baudrillard: Loss of meaning• Lament the loss of reality in post-modern culture• Simulation has become more and more realistic• Actual meaning replaced by a virtual meaning• Reality has been replaced by simulation• There is no more fiction• Models [simulation, VR...] no longer constitute an
imaginary domain with reference to the real• No more fiction
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Roland Barthes
• ”The writer's language is not expected to represent reality, but to signify it. (Mythologies, 1957)”
• Semiotics
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Michel Foucault
"My role - and that is too emphatic a word - is to show people that they are much freer than they feel, that people accept as truth, as evidence, some themes which have been built up at a certain moment during history, and that this so-called evidence can be criticized and destroyed." - Michel Foucault
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Michel Foucault (continued)• Truth ≈ instrument of (media) power• Each society creates a "regime of truth" according to its beliefs, values, and mores.
• "Truth," is the construct of the political and economic forces that command the majority of the power within the societal web.
• There is no truly universal truth at all; therefore, the intellectual cannot convey universal truth.
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Jacques Derrida
Deconstruction: • an attempt to open a text (literary, philosophical, or otherwise) to several meanings and interpretations
=>multi-perspectivalness
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Bruno Latour
• Departed from social constructionism
• truth is multilayered, unascertainable
• ”realistic realism”• critic of technollogy, ”tech dream gone wrong”
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More postmodern theorists
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Post-Postmodernism?
• What will follow postmodernism?• What arguments are there against postmodernism?
• Will there be a dominating pattern of thought?
• How will interactive bottom-up media and new forms of participation change culture and philosophy?
• Etc.