Power Generation Technology Centre
THEME A
CO2 capture, transport, usage
Leader
John Oakey
Cranfield University
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Theme A• A1 – Theme A Integration
• A2 – Fossil Energy Supply
• A3 – CCS Synergies & Real Time Supply
• A4 – CCS as a Bridge to H2
• A5 – Fossil Fuel Use
• A6 – CO2 Transport
• A7 – Long Term Utilisation
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Technical options for carbon capture deployment in the UK
(2010, 2020 and 2030)
Aberdeen• 1 - Definition of Case Studies
(windows of opportunity in UKCS based on modelling)
• 2 – Economics (costs of capture to give cost/supply curve)
• 3 – Policy/Incentives
Imperial College• 1 – Review paper on CO2
capture and transport – to influence debate, scenarios & case studies
Reading• 1 – Guidelines based on
theme A scenarios and sensitivity analysis (subtheme A1)
Input from all theme A participants and advice from all other themes (especially on storage)
External consultation exercise with variety of stakeholders (Jon Gibbins to lead for UKCCSC?)
Synthesise and add to theme A activities to develop technical options for carbon capture deployment in the UK
Led by Theme Leader: John Oakey
Power Generation Technology Centre
Overview of Sub-theme A1 – Theme A Integration
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Reading• 2 - Life cycle costs &
emissions – with & without CCS
• 3 - Power plant scheme scenarios & scenario collation
• 4 - Sensitivity analysis
Aberdeen• 4 – Storage Scenarios
A2.b Definition of theme A scenarios* -
report
A2.a Database of LC energy costs & CO2
emissions – report/CD
A2.c Sensitivity analysis report/CD
Input from Newcastle 4 (theme A5)
* scenarios limited to information required for technical cost assessment
Input from Theme B
Provide background for decision making on the role that can be played by CCS in meeting UK energy supply objectives
Require inputs from A2/A3/A4/A5
Sub-theme Leader: Tim Cockerill
Power Generation Technology Centre
Overview of Sub-theme A2 – Fossil Energy Supply
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Deliverables
A.2.a Database of LC energy costs & CO2 emissions
A.2.b Definition of Theme A Scenarios
A.2.c Sensitivity Analysis Report
TASK A.2.1: Overall assessment of lifecycle costs and
emissions of fossil fuel supply options
TASK A.2.2: Assessment of impact of future energy supply
scenarios
TASK A.2.3: Summary of published and produced data
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A3.a Assessment of potential role and value of CCS for grid
operation (including intermittent renewables)
Overview of Sub-theme A3 – CCS Synergies & Real Time Supply
Cranfield• 1- Biomass reports/
links to biomass projects
Nottingham• 1 - Biomass
reports/links to biomass projects
ManchesterReal time supply modelling• 1 – Model design• 2 – Model development• 3 – Model use
A3.b Biomass co-combustion
assessment
Imperial College• 2 – Capture plant definition
(work done in A4)• 3 – Consultation on
simplified scenarios• 4 – CCS flexibility: value
from real time analysis & trading etc
• 5 – Biomass links (including with TSEC Biomass consortium)
Advice from stakeholders (including DTI and UKERC)
Investigate the impact of using renewable energy and nuclear in combination with CCS systems
Sub-theme Leader: Jon Gibbins
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A.3.a Assessment of potential role and value of CCS for grid operation
TASK A3.1: Capture plant technical definition
TASK A3.2: Consultation on simplified
scenarios
TASK A3.3: CCS flexibility: value from real
time analysis & trading
Power Generation Technology Centre
A.3.b Biomass co-combustion assessment
TASK A3.4: Biomass links
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Evaluation of the possible candidate renewable energy fuels: availability and supply
Potential interactions with capture technologies: Biomass co-processing.
- Extending the range of biomass feedstock that can be used and considering future power plant design to maximise the amount of biomass co-fired
Quantification of benefits of using co-firing of renewable fuels
Power Generation Technology Centre
A.3.4. Biomass links
Modelling of CO2 reduction in different energy demand scenarios Maintain links with TSEC Biomass consortium
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Overview of Sub-theme A4 – CCS as Bridge to H2
Cranfield• 2 – Gasification technical
assessment• 2a – Reforming of gaseous
feedstocks – e.g. BP(both to address H2 purity)(H2 dilution of natural gas
supplies? H2 requirements for transport applications?)
Nottingham• 2 – H2 from methane• 3 – Jet fuel from biomass• 4 – Gasification cycle data
(reports from other projects)
Imperial College• 6 – H2 use in gas turbines
and fuel cells – near term H2 production
A4.a Technical review and assessment using CCS for H2
production, in other sectors and to provide offsets
Explore the opportunities for producing H2 using CCS (including consideration of new sectors and offsets – negative CO2 output and saleable credits etc)
Input from biomass co-combustion work in A3?
Sub-theme Leader: John Oakey
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A.4.a Technical review and assessment using CCS for H2 production in other sectors
TASK A.4.1: Scope of H2 production uptaking actual
gasification technology
Power Generation Technology Centre
Review of steam reforming technology to produce hydrogen
Review of coal gasification and IGCC
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
TASK A.4.2: Scope of coal underground gasification
TASK A.4.3: Catalytic cracking of methane
at low temperaturesTASK A.4.4: Jet fuel from biomass TASK A.4.5: H2 use in gas turbines and
fuel cells
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A5.b Assessment of technical implications
of various capture plant technologies
Cranfield• 3 – Lime capture &
chemical looping technologies – reports from other projects
• 3a – Oxy-fuel – coal (input from IC), gas, etc.
• 4 – CCS impact on RAMO
• 5 – Impact of CCS on plant operating cycles/flexibility
Nottingham• 5 – Adsorption technologies &
economics – reports from other projectsImperial College
• 7 – Power plant (steam cycle) model
• 8 – Amine scrubber modelling with power plant model (Imperial 7)
• 9 – Technical work on power plant flexibility with capture
A5.a Technical description of various
capture plant technologies
Assess some key capture technologies
International Test Centre at Regina
Technical advice on transport (A6) and storage (B)
Sub-theme Leader: John Oakey
Gasification assessment in A4
Power Generation Technology Centre
Overview of Sub-theme A5 – Fossil Fuel UseUKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A.5.a Technical description of various capture plant technology
TASK A.5.1: Identification and review of the
different carbon capture technologies
TASK A.5.2: Power plant model
Power Generation Technology Centre
A.5.b Assessment of technical implications of various capture plant technologies
TASK A.5.3: Impact of CCS on plant operating
cycles/flexibility
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Power Generation Technology Centre
Air
FuelPower
Flue gas
CO2
Fuel conversion (Gasifier)
CO2 separation
Energy conversion
N2
H2
Air separation
O2
Storage
Compression
Shift reactor
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
CO2 pre-combustion capture at a coal gasification plant in North Dakota, USA. This plant employs a physical solvent process to separate 3.3 MtCO2 per year from a gas stream to produce synthetic natural gas. Part of the captured CO2 is used for an EOR project in Canada.
A.5.1.1. Evaluation of the state of art of pre-combustion capture technologies
Fuel
Air
PowerO2
CO2
Air separation
Energy conversion
N2
Gas clean-up
Storage
Compression
CO2/H2O
Power Generation Technology Centre
Flue gas: ~ 97% CO2
Recycle: ~ 75%
Oxy-Combustion Pilot Plant
5 MWe CES water cycle plant at Kimberlina, California
A.5.1.2. Evaluation of the state of art of oxyfuel combustion
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Lime capture & chemical looping technologies – reports from other projects
Adsorption technologies & economics – reports from other projects
Solvent absorption technologies - Amine scrubbing
Membranes technologies
Power Generation Technology Centre
Air
Fuel
Power
Flue gas
CO2
Energy conversion
CO2 separation
Storage
Compression
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A.5.1.3. Evaluation of the state of art of post-combustion technologies
CO2 post-combustion capture at a plant in Malaysia. This plant employs a chemical absorption process to separate 0.2 MtCO2 per year from the flue gas stream of a gas-fired power plant for urea production (Courtesy of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries).
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A.5.1.3.1. Lime capture & chemical looping technologies
A.5.1.3.3. Solvent absorption technologies - Amine scrubbing
A.5.2. Power Plant model Review of performance
standards required for retrofit of CCS on current fossil plants and new more integrated fossil systems
Develop model of steam cycle for carbon capture plant
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Define modes of operation of capture plant Basic amine system modelling (for application to steam
power plants with post-combustion capture) Integrated optimisation of amine scrubber modelling with
power plant model
Identify technologies with most potential for integration with likely developments in fossil generation
Identify optimum capture performance in the context of a flexible power plant producing low cost electricity
Determine the main factors that influence the cost of CO2 capture CCS impact on RAMO Influence of CCS on flexibility of IGCC
Power Generation Technology Centre
Power Generation Efficiency
Source: IEA GHG studies
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Cost of CO2 Capture
A.5.3. Impact of CCS on plant operating cycles/flexibility
Cranfield• 6 – Pipeline materials review• 7 – Pipeline failure risk analysis
Aberdeen• 5 – Transport cost modelling
Newcastle• 1 - UK source/sink analysis –
CO2 quantities (review)• 2 - CO2 injection technologies
review• 3 – Regulatory impacts on
CO2 transport• 4 - Transport scenarios – link
to theme A1• 5 – Transport options & costs
A6.b CO2 transport scenarios for the UK including economic
analysis
A6.a Functional and technical review of CO2 transport (including regulations)
Theme B, GIS and Jeremy Colls (Nottingham)
Generate and collate information on CO2 transport options for the UK
Sub-theme Leader: Martin Downie
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Overview of Sub-theme A6 – CO2 Transport
A.6.a. Functional and technical review of CO2 transport (including regulations)
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
TASK A.6.1: UK source/sink analysis-CO2 quantities
TASK A.6.2: Technical and Regulatory requirements for CO2 transport
TASK A6.3: Transport Options
A.6.b. CO2 Transport scenarios for the UK including economic analysis
TASK A6.4: Transport scenarios TASK A6.5: Strategic options & cost modelling
A.6.1. UK source/sink analysis - CO2 quantities Review sources: location; CO2 characteristics; distribution Review sinks: capacity, geological integrity, proximity to coast,
existing infrastructure, EOR. Sink assessment/ranking/selection Identify locations of suitable offshore storage reservoirs Identify possible locations of CCS plants, and quantities of CO2 to be
transported Identify existing pipeline infrastructure
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Sleipner CO2 injection into Utsira deep saline reservoir
Transport overland, existing or new pipelines
Sub sea transport using existing or new pipelines
Transport by ship, collection from distributed
sources, delivery to sink
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Photo: Dakota Gasification
A.6.3. Transport Options
Identify specific locations of suitable offshore storage reservoirs for scenario Identify possible location of specific CCS plant, and quantities of CO2 to be transported with
respect to the gradual deployment of CCS within the context of the possible energy supply scenarios developed in other themes
Technical assessment and optimisation of CCS transport strategies Specify regulatory constraints that might impact on developments Setting specifications and costs for offshore injection platforms Assessment of costs, technical and operational requirements (including energy consumption)
for pipe and ship based transport for the CCS deployments envisaged above Devise ‘optimal’ transport strategies for various CCS deployment scenarios
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Possible CCS systems: sources for which CCS might be relevant, transport, and storage options
A.6.4. Transport scenarios
Capture & Storage Costs
Source: www.ieagreen.org.ukPower Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
A.6.5. Strategic options & cost modelling
Modelling prospective production of oil and gas from UKCS to 2030 Modelling prospective end of field lives and economic end of infrastructure in
UKCS to 2030 Modelling Supply/Cost Curves for CO2 Capture Transportation (and Injection
Storage EOR) Modelling Economic Incentives for CO2 Capture Transportation (and
Storage/EOR) Integrate results of detailed transport studies within the techno-economic model
to inform/modify life cycle analysis Cost of CO2 Transport
Nottingham• 6 – Develop catalysts• 7 – Probe methods of catalysis• 8 – Use, investigate and assess catalysts developed
A7.a Better understanding of catalysts which allow
photocatalytic reduction in CO2 (including catalyst
development)
To develop, for the first time, catalysts which allow photocatalytic reduction to be performed in supercritical CO2
Sub-theme Leader: Mike George
Power Generation Technology Centre
Overview of Sub-theme A7 – Long Term Utilisation
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
Theme D (Social Processes)
Theme F (GIS)
Theme E (Dissemination)
Theme G (High Level Energy Modelling)
Theme H (Dynamic Pathways)
All Theme A• Publish papers and
articles and update website
• Input to integrating modelling as required/appopriate
Newcastle• Link to theme B re. GIS work on sinks
and injection technologies• Link to theme C on Nottingham work on
environmental impact of leaks• Link to GIS for sources/sinks etc
Theme C (CCS and environment)
Theme B (Geological Storage)
Aberdeen• Input from Theme B
for various tasks
Imperial College• Input from Theme
B for plant flexibility definition
• Output to GIS from biomass work (if appropriate)
• Input from GIS for review paper in A1
Input to Theme A Required from All Other Themes (not shown schematically)• Advice etc for technical options exercise in theme A1
Cross Theme Interactions Involving Theme A Activities
Power Generation Technology Centre
UKCCSC Meeting, 27 - 28 March 2006 Edinburgh
ID Task Name
1 A.2.a. Database of LC energy costs &CO2 emissions
2 A.2.1. Overall assessment oflifecycle costs and emissions offossil fuel supply options
3 A.2.1.1. Compose a consistent,simple methodology for overalllifecycle comparison and implementit in spreadsheet form(UR)
4 A.2.1.2. Define (in consultation withImperial) a list of fossil fuel supplyoptions to be considered initially inthe analysis (UR)
5 A.2.1.3. Apply the methodology to aselection of fossil fuel supplyoptions, for which literature data hasbeen collected (UR)
6 A.2.1.4. Compose an initial shortsummary report detailing the findingsof this section of work, for circulationto the consortium as a whole (UR)
7 A.2.1.5. Update/Extend the lifecyclecomparisons as data from othertasks is produced(UR)
8 A.2.1.6. Compose summary reports(UR)9 A.2.2. Assessment of impact of
future energy supply scenarios10 A.2.2.1. Define a number of possible
future fossil fuel supply scenarios11 A.2.2.2. Provide data describing the
future fossil fuel supply scenarios. Inparticular the data should describethe costs of fossil fuel at dates overthe next 50 years, along with likely
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ID Task Name
12 A.2.2.3. Modelling prospectiveproduction of oil and gas from
13 A.2.2.4. Modelling prospective endof field lives and economic end ofinfrastructure in UKCCSC to 2030 (toindicate windows of opportunity in
14 A.2.2.5. Provide predictions of thecontribution to UK energy supplymade by CCS under the abovescenarios. Summaries of existingwork in this field would provide a
15 A.2.2.6. Report detailing the scenarios (UA)16 A.2.2.7. Comment on the scenarios
(UR, UA)17 A.2.2.8. Assess the impact of future
scenarios on the lifecycle analysis ofCCS and non-CCS schemes, withrespect to energy costs and carbonemissions, using the Tyndall Centrederived model where appropriate,and interactions with the GIS theme.
18 A.2.2.9. Compose a summary reportoutlining the impact of energy supplyscenarios on the carbon andeconomic viability of CCS and nonCCS fossil fuel supply options. (UR)
19 A.2.3. Summary of published andproduced data
20 A.2.3.1. Co-ordinate and contributeto report on theme A1, summarisingthe data gathered and setting out the
21 A.2.3.2. Make the source data andanalysis spreadsheets (excluding theTyndall Centre supported model)available in electronic form
Half 1, 2005 Half 2, 2005 Half 1, 2006 Half 2, 2006 Half 1, 2007 Half 2, 2007
ID Task Name
1 Assessment of potential role andvalue of CCS for grid operation(including intermittent
2 A.3.1. Capture plant technicaldefinition
3 A.3.1.1. First draft version (IC)4 A.3.1.2. Second draft version (IC)5 A3.2. Develop simplified scenarios6 A.3.2.1. Information gathering
exercise (IC)7 A.3.2.2. Initial conclusion for
modelling (IC)8 A.3.2.3. Review as required (IC)9 A.3.3. CCS flexibility: value
from real time analysis &10 A.3.3.1. Initial identification of
likely key sensitivities (IC)11 A.3.3.2. Develop
mathematical formulation torepresent different carboncapture technologies in
12 A.3.3.3. Develop a simulationtool to evaluate powersystem security with carboncapture applied to fossil fuelgeneration. Preliminary
13 A.3.3.4. Extend the model toinclude wind generation (IC)
14 A.3.3.5. Implementation of thesimulation tool to assesssecurity performance offuture UK electricity systems(using different capture
15 A.3.3.6. Sensitivity studies toanalyse the economic,security and environmentalperformance of differentcarbon capture technologieswith various generationsystems parameters (IC)
16 A.3.3.7. Revise keysensitivities report after
17 A.3.3.8. Final report (IC)
6/1
Input to sub-themeA5 and A1
Half 1, 2005 Half 2, 2005 Half 1, 2006 Half 2, 2006 Half 1, 2007 Half 2, 2007 Half 1, 2008 Half 2, 2008
ID Task Name
18 A.3.b. Biomass co-combustionassessment
19 A.3.4. Biomass links20 A.3.4.1. Evaluation of the
possible candidaterenewable energy fuels:
21 A.3.4.2. Potential interactionswith capture technologies:Biomass co-processing
22 A.3.4.2.1. Extending the rangeof biomass feedstock that canbe used and consideringfuture power plant design tomaximise the amount of
23 A.3.4.3. Quantification ofbenefits of using co-firing ofrenewable fuels (UN)
24 A.3.4.4. Modelling of CO2reduction in different energydemand scenarios (UN)
25 A.3.4.5. Maintain links withTSEC Biomass consortium
01/06
Input to sub-theme A.4.1.
Input to sub-theme A.4.1.4.
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ID Task Name
1 Technical review and assessmentusing CCS for H2 production, inother sectors and to provide
2 A.4.1. Scope of H2 productionup taking actual gasificationtechnology
3 A.4.1.1. Review of steamreforming technology to producehydrogen (UN)
4 A.4.1.2. Gasification cycle data –reports from other projects (UN)
5 A.4.1.3. Review of coalgasification and IGCC (CU)
6 A.4.1.4. Co-gasification of coalwith renewable fuels (UN, CU)
7 A.4.1.5. CO2 capacities ofadsorbents evaluation; developregeneration strategies (UN)
8 A.4.2. Scope of coalunderground gasification
9 A.4.2.1. Review of coalunderground gasificationtechnology (CU)
10 A.4.3. Catalytic cracking ofmethane at low temperatures
11 A.4.3.1.Develop effectivecatalysts and technology for thecatalytic cracking of methane to
12 A.4.4. Jet fuel from biomass13 A.4.4.1. Review of
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (UN)14 A.4.4.2. Assessment of the use
of renewable-derived jet fuelthrough co-gasification of coal
15 A.4.5. H2 use in gas turbinesand fuel cells
16 A.4.5.1. Review of fuel cell types(IC)
17 A.4.5.2. Review of H2combustion in gas turbines (IC)
6/1
Input of DTI gasification projects
Inputs tosub-themeA.5.a.2.1.
Input from sub-theme A.3.4.
BCURA and other projects input
5/05 7/05 9/05 11/05 1/06 3/06 5/06 7/06 9/06 11/06 1/07 3/07
ID Task Name
1 A.5.a. Technical description ofvarious capture plant technologies
2 A.5.1. Identification and reviewof the different carbon capture
3 A.5.1.1. Evaluation of the state ofart of pre-combustion capturetechnologies (IC, CU)
4 A.5.1.2. Evaluation of the state ofart of oxyfuel combustion (IC,
5 A.5.1.3. Evaluation of the state ofart of post-combustion capturetechnologies (CU, IC, UN)
6 A.5.1.3.1. Lime capture &chemical looping technologies– reports from other projects
7 A.5.1.3.2. Adsorptiontechnologies & economics –reports from other projects
8 A.5.1.3.3. Solvent absorptiontechnologies - Amine
9 A.5.1.3.4. Membranes technologies10 A.5.1.3.5. Cryogenics11 A.5.1.4. Novel capture processes12 A.5.2. Power Plant model13 A.5.2.1. Review of performance
standards for retrofit of CCS oncurrent fossil plants and newmore integrated fossil systems
14 A.5.2.2. Develop model of steamcycle for carbon capture plant
15 A.5.2.3. Define modes ofoperation of capture plant (IC)
16 A.5.2.4. Basic amine systemmodeling (for application tosteam power plants with
17 A.5.2.5. Integrated optimization ofamine scrubber modeling withpower plant model (IC)
01/06
Input to sub-theme A2 and A5
Input from sub-theme A4.1
Input tosub-themeA.5.a.2.4.
Input fromsub-theme A.3.1
Input tosub-theme A2and A3
05/05 07/05 09/05 11/05 01/06 03/06 05/06 07/06 09/06 11/06 01/07 03/07 05/07 07/07
ID Task Name
18 A.5.b. Assessment of technicalimplications of various captureplant technologies
19 A.5.3. Impact of CCS on plantoperating cycles/flexibility
20 A.5.3.1. Identify technologies withmost potential for integration withlikely developments in fossilgeneration (IC, CU)
21 A.5.3.2. Identify optimum captureperformance in the context of aflexible power plant producing lowcost electricity (IC, CU)
22 A.5.3.3. Determine the mainfactors that influence the cost ofCO2 capture (flexible capture
23 A.5.3.4. CCS impact on RAMO (CU)24 A.5.3.5. Influence of CCS on
flexibility of IGCC (CU)
01/06
Input from sub-theme A4
05/05 07/05 09/05 11/05 01/06 03/06 05/06 07/06 09/06 11/06 01/07 03/07 05/07 07/07 09/07
ID Task Name
1 A.6.a. Functional and technicalreview of CO2 transport(including regulations)
2 A.6.1. UK source/sinkanalysis-CO2 quantities
3 A.6.1.1. Review sources:location; CO2 characteristics;distribution (BGS and UN)
4 A.6.1.2. Review sinks:capacity, geological integrity,proximity to coast, existinginfrastructure, EOR. Sinkassessment/ranking/selection(BGS and UN)
5 A.6.1.3. Identify locations ofsuitable offshore storagereservoirs (UN)
6 A.6.1.4. Identify possiblelocations of CCS plants, andquantities of CO2 to betransported. (UN)
7 A.6.1.5. Identify existingpipeline infrastructure
01/06
Input tosub-themeA.1.2.
Input fromsub-themeA.1.3.
05/05 07/05 09/05 11/05 01/06 03/06 05/06 07/06 09/06 11/06 01/07 03/07 05/07 07/07
ID Task Name
8 A.6.2. Technical andRegulatory requirements for
9 A.6.2.1. CO2 physicalproperties; flowcharacteristics; inlet/loadingand outlet/unloading
10 A.6.2.2. Injectionrequirements and
11 A.6.2.3. Assessment ofMaterials for CO2 transport
12 A.6.2.4. Regulations:compare US and UKregulations; identify issuesand design constraints; effecton system design andequipment choice; gapanalysis; safety. Report theadditional regulations and
13 A.6.2.5. Risk Analysis fortransportation by ship andpipeline (CU and NU)
14 A.6.3. Transport Options 15 A.6.3.1. Transport overland,
existing or new pipelines16 A.6.3.2. Subsea transport
using existing or new17 A.6.3.3. Transport by ship,
collection from distributedsources, delivery to sink Input to sub-tasks A.6.4.
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ID Task Name
18 A.6.b. CO2 Transportscenarios for the UK includingeconomic analysis
19 A.6.4. Transport scenarios20 A.6.4.1. Identify specific
locations of suitable offshorestorage reservoirs forscenario (UA and UN)
21 A.6.4.2. Identify possiblelocation of specific CCSplant, and quantities of CO2to be transported withrespect to the gradualdeployment of CCS withinthe context of the possibleenergy supply scenarios
22 A.6.4.3. Technicalassessment and optimisationof CCS transport strategies
23 A.6.4.3.1. Specify regulatoryconstraints that might impact ondevelopments
24 A.6.4.3.2. Setting specificationsand costs for offshore injection
25 A.6.4.3.3. Assessment of costs,technical and operationalrequirements (including energyconsumption) for pipe and shipbased transport for the CCSdeployments envisaged above
26 A.6.4.3.4. Devise ‘optimal’transport strategies for variousCCS deployment scenarios (All)
01/06
Input fromsub-tasks A.6.1.
Input to sub-tasksA.6.1. and A.6.3.
05/05 07/05 09/05 11/05 01/06 03/06 05/06 07/06 09/06 11/06 01/07 03/07 05/07 07/07
ID Task Name
27 A.6.5. Strategic options &cost modelling
28 A.6.5.1. Modellingprospective production ofoil and gas from UKCS to2030 (to include potential
29 A.6.5.2. Modellingprospective end of fieldlives and economic end ofinfrastructure in UKCS to2030 (to indicate windows
30 A.6.5.3. ModellingSupply/Cost Curves forCO2 CaptureTransportation (and
31 A.6.5.4. ModellingEconomic Incentives forCO2 CaptureTransportation (andStorage/EOR) Incentivesexamined will include taxincentives/such as R andD tax credits, capitalgrants, use of EU ETSallowances, extension for
32 A.6.5.5. Integrate resultsof detailed transportstudies within thetechno-economic model(input from UA) toinform/modify lifecycle
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ID Task Name
1 A.7. Better understanding ofcatalysts which allowphotocatalytic reduction in CO2(including catalyst development)
2 A.7.1. Develop catalystsphotocatalytic reduction to beperformed in supercriticalCO2 (UN)
3 A.7.2. Probe the mechanismof catalysis to facilitate thedevelopment of efficientphotocatalysts (UN)
4 A.7.3. Use, investigate andassess catalysts developed
5 A.7.3.1. Use new immobilizedcatalysts for CO2 reduction bydepositing these catalysts intomesoporous solids usingconventional solvents (UN)
6 A.7.3.2. Investigate whethertheir insolubility in supercriticalCO2 is sufficient to preventsignificant leaching (UN)
7 A.7.3.3. Assess whether thecompounds can be sufficientlydispersed to retain theirphotoactivity (UN)
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