Wl
Ryoichi HARA
Power to Heat TechnologyDemand-side Contribution to Balancing
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids(Oct. 20-21, 2016)
Motivations for MG (presented at Chilecon 2013)
n Total energy efficiency improvement– introduction of RER driven generation systems– combined heat and power (CHP) supply– shortening the transmission distance
(local production, local supply)n Harmonization between distributed generations
and bulk system– compensation for intermittency of PV, WT
(being a Good Citizen)
n Reliability improvement– enhancement in the autonomy of local system– against huge disaster such as earthquake/tsunami
Panel Session on Microgrids, Chilecon 2013 (Sept. 10th, 2013) 2
Summary of Asian projects (presented at Chilecon 2013)
Panel Session on Microgrids, Chilecon 2013 (Sept. 10th, 2013) 3
Aichi, Hachinohe, Kyotango
Sendai
Shimizu
Miyako-island
Yokohama, Toyota,Keihanna, Kitakyushu
Yamagata
Obihiro
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
balancingstrategy /
remote app.
qualitymanagement
energyefficiency
smart community
Jeju
KERI
K-MEG
Mara, Gapa
KEPRI
KT
Dong’ao
Nanji
Wanshan-island
Tianjin
Yudaokou
Batang
Dongfushan
Old BaragBanner
Tibet
CISRO Energy Centre (A)
King Island (A)
PulauUbin(S)
IES Pilot (S)
in early stage:“for energy efficiency improvement”“local generation/consumption”
today:“diversification” and“cross-functions”
Ambition for renewables in Japann Totally 236.6 - 251.5 TWh (approx. 22-24%) in 2030n Growth of variable/intermittent generations
– would enlarge mismatch of demand and supply– occupy the share of legacy generators with regulation
capability (coal / gas / oil)n New balancing capability is needed !
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 4
Type Production in 2013 in 2030geothermal 2.6 10.2 - 11.3
biomass 17.6 39.4 - 49.0hydro 84.9 93.9 - 98.1
photovoltaic 11.4 74.9wind 5.2 18.2
(in TWh/yr)
Motivations for MGn Total energy efficiency improvement
– introduction of RER driven generation systems– combined heat and power (CHP) supply– shortening the transmission distance
(local production, local supply)n Harmonization between distributed generations
and bulk system– compensation for intermittency of PV, WT
(being a Good Citizen)– contribution to demand/supply balancing in the bulk
system n Reliability improvement
– enhancement in the autonomy of local system– against huge disaster such as earthquake/tsunami
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 5
Contribution of Microgridsn Active control of power-flow at the PCC by means of
– charging / discharging of battery systems– demand control (including EV), and/or,– control of distributed generators
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 6
Microgrid
PPCC
�f
PPCC
Bulk system
Power To Heat (P2H) technology n Apparent energy storage function by combining
cogeneration system (CGS) and heat pump (HP)
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 7
thermaldemand
HP
CGS
grid
thermaldemand
HP
CGS
grid
ü charging mode• HP is mainly used
ü discharging mode• CGS is mainly used
Demonstration site (NEDO project)n In Rakuno-Gakuen University @
Ebetsu-city, having a diary farmn Bio-gas plant is located adjacent
to the livestock barnn Thermal energy is used for
fermentation (gas production)n In operation since April 2016
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 8
fermenter
heat pump units (10kW x 3) gas engine gen (50kW)
System diagram
n Equivalent kWh capacity : 164kWhn Equivalent kW capacities :
30.67kW (discharge) / 49.33kW (charge)
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 9
fermenter gas-holder
CGS
HP
50 [m3]
grid
15.0 [m3/h]
23.2[m3 /h]
heat 70.5[kW]
heat 75.3[kW]30.0[kW]
50.0[kW]
heatstorage
200[kWh]
33.2 [kW]
*** specs in this slide are not based on the actual measurement ***
load
Case Studyn Proposed HP/BG system is tested for
“scheduled generation by WTG + HP/BG”n Assumed WTG capacities: 80kWp / 120kWp
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 10
output schedule
monitored WTG output
HP/CGS total output+ +
+-
Simulation results (for 80kWp)
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 11
0
-40
40
80
40
20
0
kW
kWh
00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
schedule (red)actual (blue)
WTGCGS
HP
stored gas
Simulation results (for 120kWp)
Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 12
0
-40
40
80
40
20
0
kW
kWh
00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
schedule (red)actual (blue)
WTGCGS
HP
stored gas
Comparison with battery systemn Lower investment cost
– only by adding HP and extra-spaces in gas-holder and heat storage
• bidirectional electricity flow• widen the range of regulation
CGS only : +25kW(50%) ~ +50kW(100%)CGS + HP : -30kW (HP 100%) ~ 50kW (CGS 100%)
• stable thermal supply
n Complicated control and system design– management of two energy storages
(gas holder and heat storage)– handling of ON/OFF control– agreement of thermal demand size and gas
production volume is necessaryNiagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 13