Powered Industrial Trucks -
Operator Training
1910.178 (l)
1915.120 (a)
1917.1 (a)(2)(xiv)
1918.1 (b)(10)
1926.602 (d)
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Powered Industrial Truck - Definition
• A mobile, power-propelled truck used to carry,
push, pull, lift, stack or tier materials.
• Excluded are vehicles used for earth moving and
over-the-road hauling.
• Commonly known as forklifts, pallet trucks, rider
trucks, forktrucks, or lifttrucks.
• Can be powered through electric or combustion
engines.
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Final Rule
• OSHA published the final rule for Powered
Industrial Truck Operator Training on
December 1, 1998.
• The effective date is March 1, 1999.
• It applies to all industries except agricultural
operations.
• OSHA estimates that the new rule will
prevent 11 deaths and 9,422 injuries per
year.
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The Certification Process
• Review Safe Operating Rules as published by
OSHA.
• Watch a video which demonstrates the safe
operation of Powered Industrial trucks.
• Complete a written exam.
• Complete a skill test on actual equipment.
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The certification is valid for one or three
years and will include the following:
• Certificate of Achievement • Powered Industrial Truck Operator’s Card
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The explicit purpose of forklift safety is to eliminate:
• Accidents and Injuries,
86 89
120
95
114
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
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Forklift Fatalities by Age Group 1992 -1996
3%
10%
22%
21%
12%
5%
27%
Under 20
20 - 24
25 - 34
35 - 44
45 - 54
56 - 64
65 & over
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Industries Where Powered Industrial Truck Accidents Occurred
Industry
# Accidents
Investigated by
OSHA
Mining 4
Construction 25
Manufacturing 95
Tranportation, Communication, Utilities 22
Wholesale Trades 25
Retail Trades 18
Service 7
Public Administration 4
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Property Damage, which can be very
costly for your company
10
Equipment Abuse and Damage.
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Class I - Electric Motor Rider
Trucks
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Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
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Class II - Narrow Aisle Trucks
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Class III - Electric Motor Hand or Hand/Rider Trucks
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Class III - Hand & Hand/Rider Trucks
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Class IV - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks - Cushion (Solid) Tires
Fork, counterbalanced (cushion/solid tires)
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Class IV - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks - Cushion (Solid)
Tires
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Class V - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks - Pneumatic Tires
Fork, counterbalanced (pneumatic tires)
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Class V - Internal Combustion Engine Trucks (Pneumatic Tires)
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Class VI - Electric & Internal Combustion Engine Tractors
Sit-down Rider
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Class VII - Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks
– Straight-mast forklift – Extended-reach forklift
All rough terrain forklift trucks
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Rough Terrain Straight Mast
Forklifts
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Rough Terrain Extended-Reach
Forklifts
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Some Types of Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
– Container top handlers
– Container reach
stackers
– Straddle carriers
– Semi-tractors/ Utility
vehicles
– Sidehandlers
– Combination vacuum
lifts
– Yard tractors
The following types of vehicles are
covered by the OSHA standard if the
vehicles carry, push, pull, lift, or tier loads.
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Container Handlers
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Empty-Container Handler
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Container Reach Stacker
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used in Maritime
Straddle Carriers
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OPERATING RULES
• Drivers will check the vehicle at least once per shift, and if it is found to be unsafe, the matter will be reported immediately to a supervisor. (#2)
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• Vehicles will not exceed authorized or safe speed . (#3)
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• NO RIDERS WILL BE PERMITTED ON VEHICLES,
unless a safety platform with guardrails is provided.
(#5)
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This is NOT a Safety Platform!
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• A loaded vehicle will not be moved until the load is
safe and secure. (#7)
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• When leaving a vehicle unattended, the power will be shut off, brakes set, the mast brought to the vertical position, and the load-engaging means left in the down position. (#8)
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• Vehicles will not be driven in and out of highway trucks and trailers at unloading docks until such trucks are securely blocked and brakes set.(#14)
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• Vehicles will not be operated on floors, sidewalk doors, or platforms that will not safely support the loaded vehicle. (#15)
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• The forks will always be carried as low as
possible, consistent with safe operations,
usually 4 inches off the floor. (#18)
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• Extreme care will be taken when tilting loads. Loads
may fall or forklifts can easily be turned over while
tilting moderate loads. (#19)
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• Employees will not place any part of their bodies
outside the running lines of an industrial truck or
between mast uprights or other parts of the truck
where shear or crushing hazards exist. (#21)
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• The width of one tire on the powered industrial truck will be the minimum distance maintained from the edge by the truck while it is on any elevated dock, platform, freight car or truck. (#24)
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• The driver will slow down and sound the horn at cross
aisles and other locations where vision is obstructed. If
the load being carried obstructs forward view, the
driver will be required to travel in reverse, with the load
trailing. (#28)
• Trucks will not be loaded in excess of their rated
capacity. The rated capacity of the truck must be
clearly visible by the operator. (#31)
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No truck will be operated with a leak in the fuel, oil
and hydraulic systems. (#33)
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A
B
C
Vehicle Center of
Gravity (Unloaded)
Center of Gravity
of Vehicle and
Maximum Load
(Theoretical)
Tilting forward with the load engaging means is prohibited except when
picking up a load. Elevated loads will not be tilted forward unless the load is being deposited onto a storage rack or equivalent. By tilting forward the fork lift can be overturned, due to the change in the trucks center of gravity. (#34)
Note: When the vehicle is loaded, the combined center of gravity shifts toward line B-C. Theoretically the maximum load will result in the center of gravity at the line B-C.
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• Special precautions will be taken in the
securing and handling of loads by trucks
equipped with attachments. Any attachment
changes the center of gravity and the
maximum capacity rating of the lift. (#36)
• The engine must remain running and the
operator at the controls, when a person is
elevated in a safe platform. (#37)
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• Forklift and electric pallet jack operators may not
smoke while operating this equipment. Sparks,
open flames or smoking are not allowed in an area
within 50 feet of any battery charging or refueling
operation. (#38)
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Remember, Always wear your
Seatbelt!
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