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SerumElectrolytes
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Lung function
*The lung are also vital in maintaining
homeostasis.
*Through exhalation the lung remove
approximately 300ml of water daily in thenormal adult.
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Abnormal Condition:
*Hyperpnea*Continuous coughing
*Increase this loss, mechanical
ventilation with excessive moisturedecreases it.
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*Changes from normal agingresult decreased respiratoryfunction causing increaseddifficulty in pH regulation illness
older adult with major illness ortrauma.
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PITUITARY FUNCTION *Hypothalamus manufactures ADH*
-which is stored in the posterior pituitary
gland and release as needed.*ADH or water conserving hormone*
*ADH*
- maintaining the osmotic pressure of thecell controlling the retention or excretion
of water by the kidney and by regulating
blood volume.
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ADRENAL FUNCTION
1.Aldosterone
- a mineralocorticoid secreted by the
zona glomerulosa (outer zone) of theadrenal cortex has a profound effect on
fluid balanced .
-increase secretion of aldosteronecauses sodium retention , water retention
and potassium loss
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2.Cortisol
- another adrenocorticalhormone has only a fraction
of the mineralocorticoidpotency of aldosterone .- when secreted in large
quantities however it canalso produce sodium andfluid retention andpotassium deficit.
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PARATHYROID FUNCTION
1. Parathyroid glands
- embedded in the thyroid gland regulate
calcium and phosphate balance by means
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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2. Parathyroid hormone or PTH
-influence bone reabsorption,calcium absorption fromintestines and calciumreabsorption from the renaltubules.
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3. Sympathetic nervoussystem
- stimulated aldosterone isreleased in response to anincreased release of renin.
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4. Aldosterone-is a volume regulator
and its also released as
serum potassiumincreases, serum sodiumdecreases oradrenocorticotropichormone increases.
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ADH AND THIRST
*ADH and Thirst mechanism have
important roles in maintaining sodium
concentration and oral intake fluids.
A. Oral intake is controlled by the thirst
center located in hypothalamus .
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C. Water excretion iscontrolled by ADH,aldosterone andbaroreceptors . Thepresence or absence of
ADH is the mostsignificant factor indetermining whether the
urine that is excreted isconcentrated or dilute.
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OSMORECEPTORS
* OSMORECEPTORS*
-located on the surface of hypothalamus,
osmoreceptors sense changes in sodiumconcentration.
-osmotic pressure increases the neuronsbecome dehydrated and quickly releases
impulses to the posterior pituitary which
increase and release of ADH.
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-ADH travels in the blood to
the kidney where it alterspermeability to water
causing increased
reabsorption of water and
decreased urine output.
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RELEASE OF
ATRIALNATRIURETIC
PEPTIDE OR ANP
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*RELEASE OF ATRIALNATRIURETIC PEPTIDE ORANP*
-release by cardiac cell inthe atria of the heartresponse to increases
atrial pressure.
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THANKYOU
GOD BLESS
MICHELLE ARELLE L.
QUIAMBAOBSN-2A