Download - Ppt on hydrogen fuel cell
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RAJASTHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
JAIPURDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A SEMINAR ON
“HYDROGEN FUEL CELL”
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Mr. RAGHAV DHAKER PRASHANT KUMAR (ASTT. PROFESSOR,ME) BRANCH:-ME
Roll No:-
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CONTENTS
• History• Hydrogen Energy• Fuel Cell• Importance Of Fuel Cell Technology• Working Of Fuel Cell• Types Of Fuel Cell• Importance Of Hydrogen• Hydrogen Production• Applications• Benefits
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HISTORY
1838: discovered by German scientist Christian Friedrich Schoenbein
1839: Demonstrated by Welsh scientist Sir William Robert Grove
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Hydrogen Energy
Hydrogen is the simplest and the most plentiful element in the universe. It's always combined with other elements.
Hydrogen is high in energy, yet an engine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost no pollution.
NASA has used liquid hydrogen since the 1970s to propel the space shuttle and other rockets into orbit.
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WHAT IS A FUEL CELL?
A Fuel Cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product.
overall reaction: oxidation of a fuel by oxygen
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l) (Hydrogen) Fuel + oxygen water
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WHY IS FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY IMPORTANT?
Since conversion of the fuel to energy takes place via an electrochemical process, not combustion.
It is a clean, quiet and highly efficient process- two to three times more efficient than fuel burning.
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How does a Fuel Cell work?
It operates similarly to a battery, but it does not
run down nor does it require recharging
As long as fuel is supplied, a Fuel Cell will produce
both energy and heat
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A Fuel Cell consists of two catalyst coated electrodes
surrounding an electrolyte
One electrode is an anode and the other is a cathode
The process begins when Hydrogen molecules enter
the anode
The catalyst coating separates hydrogen’s negatively
charged electrons from the positively charged protons
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The electrolyte allows the protons to pass through to
the cathode, but not the electrons
Instead the electrons are directed through an
external circuit which creates electrical current
While the electrons pass through the external circuit,
oxygen molecules pass through the cathode There the oxygen and the protons combine with the
electrons after they have passed through the external
circuit
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When the oxygen and the protons combine with the
electrons it produces water and heat
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TYPES OF FUEL CELLS
Fuel Cell type Electrolyte Anode gas Cathode gas
Temp oC
Efficiency %
Proton Ex Membrane
(PEM)
Solid polymer membrane
Hydrogen Pure or Atm Oxygen
75 35 - 60
Alkaline (AFC)
Potassium Hydroxide
Hydrogen Pure Oxygen
< 80 50 - 70
Direct Methanol ( DMFC)
Solid polymer membrane
Methanol solln in Water
Atm Oxygen 75 35 - 40
Phosphoric Acid (PAFC)
Phosphorus Hydrogen Atm Oxygen 210 35 - 50
Molten Carbonate
(MCFC)
Alkali Carbonate
Hydrogen / Methane
Atm Oxygen 650 40 - 55
Solid Oxide ( SOFC)
Ceramic Oxides
Hydrogen / Methane
Atm Oxygen 800 - 1000
45 - 60
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Proton Exchange Membrane(PEM)
This is the leading cell type for passenger
car application
Uses a polymer membrane as the electrolyte
Operates at a relatively low temperature,
about 175 degrees
Sensitive to fuel impurities
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Phosphoric Acid
This is the most commercially developed fuel cell
It generates electricity at more than
40% efficiency Uses liquid phosphoric acid as the electrolyte and operates at about 450 degrees F One main advantage is that it can use impure hydrogen as fuel
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Solid Oxide
Uses a hard, non-porous ceramic compound as the electrolyte Can reach 60% power generating efficiency Operates at extremely high temperatures 1800 degrees Used mainly for large, high powered applications such as industrial generating stations, mainly because it requires such high temperatures
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Alkaline
Used mainly by military and space programs
Can reach 70% power generating efficiency, but considered to
costly for transportation applications
Used on the Apollo spacecraft to provide electricity and
drinking water
Uses a solution of potassium hydroxide in water as the
electrolyte and operates at 75 -160 degrees
Can use a variety of non-precious metals as catalyst at the
anode and cathode
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Regenerative Fuel Cells
Currently researched by NASA
This type of fuel cell involves a closed loop form of
power generation
Uses solar energy to separate water into hydrogen and
oxygen
Hydrogen and oxygen are fed into the fuel cell
generating electricity, heat and water
The water by product is then recirculated back to the
solar-powered electrolyser beginning the process again
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IMPORTANCE OF HYDROGEN
Fuel Cells require highly purified
hydrogen as a fuel
Researchers are developing a wide range
of technologies to produce hydrogen
economically from a variety of resources in
environmentally friendly ways
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Hydrogen Production
The biggest challenge regarding hydrogen production is the cost
There are three general categories of Hydrogen production
Thermal Processes Electrolyte ProcessesPhotolytic Processes
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Fuel Cell Technology Be Used
Transportation
Stationary Power Stations
Telecommunications
Micro Power
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Benefits Of Fuel Cell Technology
Physical Security
Reliability
Efficiency
Environmental Benefits
Battery Replacement/Alternative
Military Applications
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Hydrogen - Today
Production Storage
Use
Steam Reforming of Petroleum
Cryogenic Liquid
Space Programme
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Hydrogen - Tomorrow
Production Storage
Use
Bio-mass & Electrolysis
Innovative Tank Designs
Fuel for FUEL CELLS
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Hydrogen Production For Future
Photo-electrochemical
Algal Production
Solar powered Electrolysis
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QUERIES?
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THANK YOU