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Practitioner Expertise
Kate Walker, Research AssociateUniversity of Minnesota Extension
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Audience Survey
• What best predicts student learning in schools?
A. school effect
B. class-size effect
C. teacher effect
D. teacher certificate or masters degree
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A skilled practitioner trumps almost everything else
• “Teacher effects dwarf school effects: your child is actually better off in a ‘bad’ school with an excellent teacher than in an excellent school with a bad teacher.”
- Malcolm Gladwell’s New Yorker article, “Most Likely to Succeed: How Do We Hire When We Can’t Tell Who’s Right for the Job?”
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Quality Practice
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Youths’ public art is vandalized
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Youth get upset with thecity alderman
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Youth want to exclude a member from a retreat
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Dilemmas of Youth Work
• To create and sustain high quality youth programs, it is critical that youth workers understand and effectively respond to the daily dilemmas of youth work practice.
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Knowing Practitioner Expertise
• When someone is very good at a given thing, what is it that actually makes him good? [poll audience]
• The ability to appraise and respond to diverse situations encountered in practice.
• We know it when we see it, but we don’t have a reliable way of identifying it, let alone producing it.
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Expert-Novice Differences
• Identified more concerns,
• Generated more possible response,
• Developed multi-pronged responses, and
• Developed youth-centered responses.
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Growing Practitioner Expertise
• Deliberate practice: appropriately challenging tasks that are chosen with the goal of improving a particular skill.
• Practitioners learn when they have ongoing opportunities to engage with the full range of challenging problems associated with their practice and receive authentic feedback.
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Deliberate Practice Matters
• Collective deliberation, Socratic dialogue, and mind-mapping of dilemmas
• Hones skills in attending to the complexity of real world practice and addressing diverse considerations while keeping youth at the center.
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Summary
• Youth work is full of complex dilemmas
• It’s not enough to know what quality is; need to know how to achieve it
• Practitioner expertise can be cultivated through deliberate practice