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Precise Timing in aPrecise Timing in aResidential EthernetResidential Ethernet
EnvironmentEnvironment
Michael Johas Teener - BroadcomMichael Johas Teener - Broadcommikejt@[email protected]
Felix Felix Feng Feng - Samsung- Samsungfengfeng..fei@[email protected]
Eric Eric Hyunsurk Ryu Hyunsurk Ryu - Samsung- Samsungeric_ryu@[email protected]
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment2
AgendaAgenda
• Introduction to Residential Ethernet
•Timing synchronization in ResE
•Differences between IEEE 1588 and ResE
•Using ResE as an IEEE 1588 subnet
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Introduction toIntroduction toResidential EthernetResidential Ethernet
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment4
What is Residential Ethernet?What is Residential Ethernet?
• Simple enhancement to IEEE 802.1 bridges to supportstreaming QoS
– 2 ms guaranteed latency through 7 bridges
– Admission controls (reservations) for guaranteed bandwidth
– Precise timing and synchronization services for timestampsand media coordination
• May require extra timing service from 802.3 MAC
• Trade group to provide trademark “enforcement” ofotherwise optional features
– Require useful bridge performance, network management,PoE management, auto-configuration features
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment5
Why is it needed?Why is it needed? (1)(1)
• Common IT-oriented networks have inadequate QoScontrols
• All use 802.1 “priorities” (actually, “traffic class”)– Ethernet is the best
• … but it’s easy for the customer to misconfigure or overload
• … no guarantees
– Wireless has inadequate bandwidth and excessive delays forwhole-home coverage
• … 802.11n and UWB work for non-critical applications, or short range
• … no guarantees
• … and the backbone for the wireless attachment points is?
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment6
• Proposed CE-based networks need new media or areexpensive
– MoCA requires coax everywhere, and is not cheap, and doesnot carry power, and has modest performance
• … but it’s part of the solution
– Power line is not cheap, has modest performance, issusceptible to interference, and is blocked by protectioncircuits
• … but it’s part of the solution
– 1394b/c long distance requires optical fiber or CAT-5, is notcheap
• … but even this is part of the solution
Why is it needed? (2)Why is it needed? (2)
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment7
Digital Home MediaDigital Home MediaDistributionDistribution
PC
KitchenFamily Room
DiningRoom
Bedroom
MSOBroadband
Den
SecurityPanel
MP3 PlayerContent/Services
ResidentialGateway(s)
WebPad
2ndWireless
AP
802.11CoaxSTB
802.11CoaxSTB
Home network backbone
TelcoBroadband
SatelliteBroadband
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment8
Where will ResidentialWhere will ResidentialEthernet be used?Ethernet be used?
• Backbone for home– Highest quality/lowest cost way to interconnect wireless A/Ps
– “Perfect” QoS, requires the least customer interaction
• Within the entertainment cluster– Trivial wiring, no configuration, guaranteed 100/1G/2.5G per device, not
just per room– PoE for speakers, extra storage (HD/optical), wireless A/Ps, other lower-
power devices
– Ideal long-term replacement for 1394
• Numerous non-“residential” applications– Professional audio/video studios
– Industrial automation
– Test and measurement
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment9
Proposed architectureProposed architecture
•Propose changes to both IEEE 802.3(Ethernet) and IEEE 802.1Q(bridges/switches)
•Three basic additions to 802.3/802.1–Traffic shaping and prioritizing,
–Admission controls, and
–Precise synchronization
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment10
Topology & connectivityTopology & connectivity
ResE QoSonly available
in ResE “cloud”
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment11
Traffic Shaping and Traffic Shaping and PriortiesPriorties
•Endpoints of ResE network must “shapetraffic”–Schedule transmissions of streaming data to
prevent bunching, which causes overloadingof network resources (mainly switch buffers)
–Probably limit by “x bytes in 125usec” and “xbytes in 2ms” depending on traffic class
•Mapping between traffic class and priorities
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment12
Traffic Class?Traffic Class?
• 802.1p introduced 8 different traffic classes–Usually implemented as strict priorities–Highest (7 & 8) reserved for network management
(low utilization)–Next two for streaming (5 & 6)–Lowest four for “best effort”
• Proposal:–Class 6 is for lowest latency streaming
• Roughly 125usec per bridge hop: interactive audio/video
–Class 5 is for moderate latency streaming• Perhaps 2ms per bridge hop: voice over IP, movies
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment13
Admission controlsAdmission controls
• Streaming priority mechanism can reliably deliver datawith a deterministic low latency and low jitter
– but only if the network resources (bandwidth, in particular) areavailable along the entire path from the talker to thelistener(s).
• For ResE it is the listener’s responsibility to guaranteethe path is available and to reserve the resources.
• Done via a new 802.1ak “Multiple Registration Protocol”application: SRP (“Simple Registration Protocol”)
– Registers streams as multicast address/bandwidth neededpairs
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment14
• ResE devices will periodically exchange timinginformation
– both devices synchronize their time-of-day clockvery precisely.
• This precise synchronization has two purposes:– to enable streaming traffic shaping and– provide a common time base for sampling data
streams at a source device and presenting thosestreams at the destination device with the samerelative timing.
Precise synchronizationPrecise synchronization
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment15
Network master clockNetwork master clock
• There is a single device within a ResE “cloud”that provides a master timing signal.
– All other devices synchronize their clocks with this master.
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment16
Master clock selectionMaster clock selection
•Selection of the master is largely arbitrary(all ResE devices will be master-capable),but can be overridden if the network is usedin an environment that already has a “houseclock”.–Professional A/V studios
–Homes with provider 1588 service
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment17
Changes needed in existingChanges needed in existingproductsproducts
• Endpoint device needs– Timer– Streaming traffic transmit FIFO(s)
• (streaming receive use existing FIFO)
– Best to have dedicated ports for streaming data• MPEG-TS, I2S, etc., like existing 1394 links
• Bridges– ResE MACs– Streaming routing/filtering
• similar to asynch logic
– Admission control firmware• similar to 802.1 multicast and VLAN management
– Timing propagation
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Timing SynchronizationTiming Synchronizationin ResEin ResE
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment19
House reference clockHouse reference clock
802.11e
Ethernet
802.11e
1394 1394
Room #1 Room #2
Ethernet
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment20
Legend: clock master clock slave
Cascaded TOD synchronizationCascaded TOD synchronization
bridge[0]
bridge[1]
bridge[2]
Physical topology constraints
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment21
Cascaded TOD synchronizationCascaded TOD synchronization
bridge[0]
bridge[1]
bridge[2]
Wall-clock distribution model
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment22
Cascaded TOD synchronizationCascaded TOD synchronization
bridge[0]
bridge[1]
bridge[2]
Cascaded adjacent-synchronization hierarchy
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment23
local offset
add
global
Adjacent-stationAdjacent-stationsynchronizationsynchronization
aTx[n]
local offset
add
global aRx[n]
bRx[n]
bTx[n]
Station A Station B
Timing snapshots
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment24
local offset
add
global
Adjacent-stationAdjacent-stationsynchronizationsynchronization
aTx[n-1]
local offset
add
global aRx[n-1]
bRx[n]
bTx[n-2]
(aTx,aRx,bTx)
StationA StationB
Snapshot value distribution(information for stationB is time A sent previous snapshot,
time A received B’s previous snapshot, and time B sentsnapshot before that)
Transmit timings are always for previous snapshot becausethey are recorded when the snapshot was sent, and are not
available while the packet is in the process of being sent
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment25
local offset
add
global
Adjacent-stationAdjacent-stationsynchronizationsynchronization
• rxDelta = (bRx[n-1] – aTx[n-1]);• txDelta = (bTx[n-1] – aRx[n-1]);• clockDelta = (rxDelta – txDelta) / 2;• cableDelay = (rxDelta + txDelta) / 2;• offsetB = offsetA – clockDelta;
aTx
local offset
add
global aRx
bRx
bTx
Station A Station B
StationB offset adjustments
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment26
local offset
add
global
Adjacent stationAdjacent stationsynchronizationsynchronization
local offset
add
global
Station A Station B
1kHz/100Hzsynch interval
…
1ms -10ms
…
clockSync
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment27
• Could add to 802.3 PHY specs:(from IEEE 1588-2002, subclause D.1.1, page 127)
• But realistically, more likely to get “when firstdata symbol of frame is transmitted to or receivedfrom PHY”
–Less precise … but ResE has frequentclock updates
Timing specificsTiming specifics……
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment28
A PHY-based designA PHY-based designmodelmodel
PHY
globallocaloffset
MACclientglobalTime
aRx aTx
txrxFIFOFIFO
convert
Harder toimplement, sincePHY designchanges
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment29
A MAC-based designA MAC-based designmodelmodel
PHY
globallocaloffset
MACclientglobalTime
aRX aTx
txrxFIFOFIFO
convert
Notes:FIFOs adduncertainty, butPHY buffers aresmall (0-32 bits)
Easier toimplement, sinceno change to PHY
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DifferencesDifferences BetweenBetweenResE and 1588ResE and 1588
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment31
Differences: No OptionsDifferences: No Options
•ResE must have “consumer-friendly” coststructure–5 port 100baseT switches sell for US$30
–Needs to use low cost time reference(standard crystal, much less than US$1)
•No IT manager in the home–Must be really self-configuring
–Use UPnP or similar management
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment32
Differences:Differences: Two-wayTwo-way OnlyOnly
•Scaling and cost structure dictate requiringjust one method
•Two-way only for all purposes is simplest
•OK because only 100baseT and better willbe used–And small packets (everything will fit in
Ethernet-minimum 64 bytes)
–And frequent updates (1ms - 10ms)
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment33
Differences: Direct Layer 2Differences: Direct Layer 2Point-to-pointPoint-to-point
•ResE runs only on full duplex links
•No intermediate devices betweenparticipating nodes–No hubs, no non-participating switches, no
routers
•Frame transport delay is tightly bound–Media and PHY coding/decoding are only
uncertainties
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment34
Differences:Differences: SingleSingle MethodMethodforfor Clock CascadingClock Cascading
•All ResE switches are similar to boundaryclocks
•Only a single method to be used forsynchronizing master/slave clocks withinswitch–Garner/Hollander presentation will outline
proposed methods and performance analysis
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Using ResE as an IEEEUsing ResE as an IEEE1588 Subnet1588 Subnet
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment36
IEEE 1588 Multiple SubnetIEEE 1588 Multiple SubnetTopologyTopology
GPSGrand Master Clock
Typical Slave Clock
Only Slave Port ofBoundary Clock
Typical Master Port ofBoundary Clock
= IEEE1588 code & hardware
Boundaryclock
Routeror
Switch
Internal IEEE 1588 clockssynchronized to each other
Repeateror Switch
Repeateror Switch
Repeateror Switch
= conventional network element
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment37
Using ResE as aUsing ResE as a SubnetSubnet
GPSGrand Master Clock
Typical Slave Clock
Only Slave Port ofBoundary Clock
Typical Master Port ofBoundary Clock
= IEEE1588 code & hardware
Boundaryclock
Routeror
Switch
Master Port with ResEGrand Master function
dev dev
ResESwitch
ResE dev with1588 Slave Portfunction
= ResE/1588 bridge port
Repeateror Switch
Repeateror Switch
= conventional network element
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment38
Using ResE as a BoundaryUsing ResE as a BoundaryClockClock
GPSGrand Master Clock
Typical Slave Clock
= IEEE1588 code & hardware
resEswitch
resEswitch
resEswitch
ResE clocks are alwayssynchronized to each other
Only Slave Port ofResE cloud
Typical Master Port ofResE cloud
= ResE/1588 bridge port
Repeateror Switch
Repeateror Switch
Repeateror Switch
= conventional network element
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October 12, 2005 Precise Timing in a Residential Ethernet Environment39
ConclusionsConclusions
•Residential Ethernet represents anotherbuilding block in timing-aware systems
•ResE can be used as an element in a 1588architecture–Providing the performance is adequate
–Can provide either boundary clock or subnetfunctionality