![Page 1: Precision Molecular Ion Spectroscopy: A New Probe for New Physics Brian Odom](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649eef5503460f94bfef25/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Precision Molecular Ion Spectroscopy:
A New Probe for New Physics
Brian Odom
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milliKelvin Molecular Ion Research
… a few years ago
Stephan SchillerDusseldorf
Michael DrewsenAarhus
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milliKelvin Molecular Ion Research
Stephan SchillerDusseldorf
Michael DrewsenAarhus
Ike ChuangMIT
Eric HudsonUCLA
Brian OdomNorthwestern
Ken BrownGeorgia Tech
… today
Tobias SchaetzMPI-Garching
Stephan WillitschBasel
Piet SchmidtPTB
Zhang Chaobo Nanyang
Kunihiro Okada Tokyo
Yoshiki MoriwakiToyama
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Precision AMO Spectroscopy ( for the “m”)
Atomic optical spectroscopy
Best molecular spectroscopy
Atomic microwave spectroscopy
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Why are Molecules so Far Behind?
Why cycle?• Laser cooling• Single atom detection
Atoms are easy …molecules are hard
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HEP-Inspired Molecular Possibilities
p+
e-
Parity violation at molecular level
Time-variation of constants
Molecular enhancementDeMille, et al, PRL 100, 023003 (2008)
Nuclear spin-dependent (NSD) parity violation
1-sigma constraints on PNC meson couplingsHaxton et al, Phys Rev C 65 045502
Fundamental electric dipole moments
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Time-Varying Constants
• Possibilities:• Continuing variation in time • “Phase-shift” behavior• Variation with space, not time• Variation with matter density, not time
• We cannot predict rate or type of variation, but…
(30 40)
Is this even possible?Kaluza-Klein, string theories allow/predict variations.
What are the predictions?
electron-proton mass ratio mfine structure constant a
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Units Ain’t Welcome In These Parts
+
-
Experiment: Count the Cs clock ticks for a photon to cross H atom
Conclusion: 1 s defined by Cs, c is defined…so rH is changing
Say that number changes from year to year…
But…if 1 m were defined by rH , c still defined, we conclude that wCs is changing
Talk of unitful constants changing obscures the physics
Cs
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What Does This Have to Do with Dark Energy?
?
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Strategies for a Hard ProblemStrategy 1: The denominator approach D / m m ≈ 10-6, T ≈ 109 years
Data from Ultraviolet and Visible Echelle Spectrograph mounted on the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory Ubachs, Buning, Eikemma, and Reinhold, J Molec. Spect. 241, 155 (2007)
T
Strategy 2: The numerator approach T ≈ 1 year… D / m m < 10-15 ???
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State of unConstant Affairs
Quasar absorption lines:
176 10 / yr
1764 (14) 10 / yr
Al+/ Hg+ clock comparison: 173.9 10 / yr
Quasar absorption lines:151.7 (0.5) 10 / yr
Ubachs, Buning, Eikemma, and Reinhold,J Molec. Spect. 241, 155 (2007)
150.3 10 / yr
H2:
NH3 / (CO, HCO+, HCN):Henkel et al, Astronomy and Astrophysics 440, 893 (2005)Combes and Wiklind, Astrophys J 486, L79 (1997)
a
mLaboratory: 1565 10 / yr
Chardonnet, http://www.ptb.de/ACFC2007/present.htm SF6 :
Laboratory:
m is way behind … because it needs molecules!
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Molecular Degeneracy Can Help
Some systematics, such as clock instability or Doppler shift, impose fractional frequency error
Molecular complexity is definitely a good thing here
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Ba+ Laser Cooling
Why Barium?• Heavy (effective sympathetic cooling of heavy molecular ions)• Cooling transition is most red option
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Our First Ion Trap
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Fluorescence Images of Trapped Ba+
• At low enough temperature (~ 0.1 K) crystallization occurs• Ba-138 is pushed left by light pressure
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Trapped Barium Coulomb Crystals
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… and Throw in Some Molecular Ions
(Following Drewsen at Aarhus and Schiller at Dusseldorf)
Ba+ fluorescing ions
BaH+ dark ions,
(probably
milliKelvin!)
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Loading SiO+
First ablate Ba
target
Then ablate SiO
target
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Quantum Logic Spectroscopy,
State ReadoutWorld’s best spectroscopy (QLS) is on a non-laser cooled ion…Why not on a molecular ion?
Internal state
Motional state
n=1n=0
n=1n=0
Spectroscopy ion
Logic ion
?
Spectroscopy ion is hard to read out, but logic ion is easy
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Internal state
Motional state
n=1n=0
n=1n=0
Spectroscopy ion
Logic ion
Quantum Logic Spectroscopy,
State TransferWorld’s best spectroscopy (QLS) is on a non-laser cooled ion…Why not on a molecular ion?
Spectroscopy ion is hard to read out, but logic ion is easy
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mQLS Trap Design
3 mm
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mQLS Table and Trap
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mQLS Vacuum Chamber Assembly
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The People Doing the WorkPostdocsJoan MarlerJason Nguyen
Grad StudentsChien-Yu LienYen-Wei LinVaishnavi RajagopalChris SeckDavid TaborMing-Feng Tu
UndergradsMarc BourgeoisGreg McGlynnIngrid RinglerLauren RuthScott Williams
… and The People Paying for ItIGERTQuantum Coherent Optical and Matter Systems
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Extras…
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Sounds Great.What’s the
Catch?
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Rotational Cooling of Hydrides
Schiller and Drewsen groups (2010)
What would still be nice?• Faster cooling• Applicable to heavier species
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Cool Rotations into Electronic Excitation?
We would like diagonal Franck Condon Factors
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Femtosecond Pulse Shaping
1 cm-1 resolution currently achieved
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Pulse-Shaping for AlH+ Rotational Cooling
Current resolution is sufficient for cooling
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Simulation of AlH+ Rotational Cooling
Expect ~7 ms cooling timescale (compare with 10 s timescale of vibrational excitation technique)
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Review: Radiofrequency Ion Traps
http://www.exphy.uni-duesseldorf.de/ResearchInst
~ 5 mm +
+- -
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Review: Radiofrequency Ion Traps
http://www.exphy.uni-duesseldorf.de/ResearchInst
~ 5 mm -
-+ +