Download - Pregnancy Complications
Pregnancy Complications
Dr Manavita MahajanMD, MRCOG (UK), FRCOG(UK)
Diploma Gyn Endoscopy, Louisville, USASr Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
FMRI Gurgaon
Bacterial infection Increased tendency for UTI in pregnancy Untreated , may lead to kidney infections ,
sepsis and premature delivery Treated with appropriate antibiotics
Urinary Tract Infection in pregnancy
Bacterial infections Can be treated Cause Miscarriage / preterm labour / stillbirth /
neonatal infections if left untreated Viral Infections Long term serious infections in mother and
child Anti viral therapy , other measures to reduce
mother to child transmission
STI’s In Pregnancy
85% of population has Rh antigen on their
blood cells(called Rh+ blood group) So 15% of pregnant women may be having Rh
negative blood group If married to a Rh positive man , the baby can
be Rh positive(inherits this from the father) The Rh factor does not affect a person’s
general health.
RH negative Blood group in the mother
Baby’s red cells may leak into mothers blood circulation
occasionally Problem arises when mother produces antibodies against
Rh postive baby cells These antibodies can target baby’s red blood cells
producing anemia , heart failure and even stillbirth An injection of RhIg to the mother in pregnancy and after
delivery can prevent antibody formation in the mother against baby’s Rh antigen thus protecting her babies
If the mother already has the antibody , then the Injection(RhIg) does not work
Rh Negative Pregnant Woman
Rh-negative women should also receive
treatment after any miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or induced abortion to prevent any chance of the woman developing antibodies that would attack a future Rh-positive baby.
Rh Negative Pregnant Woman
To Summarize All pregnant women must get their 1. Blood Group and Rhesus Factor checked in
pregnancy2. Periodic blood tests must be performed to
detect the development of antibodies against Rh factor
3. All Rh Neg Prgnant women should get RhIg injection at 28 weeks and after delivery
Rh Negative Pregnant Woman
Poor growth in the unborn baby Usually suspected by clinical Examination and
Confirmed by ultrasound assessment of Baby’s(fetal) growth
Risk Factors for IUGR include1. Birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities2. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)3. Multiple pregnancy
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) In the fetus
4. Placental abnormalities5. Umbilical cord abnormalities6. Use of drugs, cigarettes, and/or alcohol7. Poor nutrition during pregnancy8. Severe Diabetes in mother9. Medical problems – kidney diseases , autoimmune disorders , Thyroid disorders , severe cardiac ailments or asthma in the mother
Causes of IUGR
The main principles of treatment are 1. Improve maternal Nutrition2. Improve maternal health / treat the
underlying medical conditions in the mother3. Monitor baby’s growth and well being by
periodic assessments4. Deliver if mature or if problems with baby’s
wellbeing
Treatment of IUGR
Early Delivery Increased risk for hypoxia (lack of oxygen when the
baby is born) Increased risk of fetal distress and caesarean section in
labour Increased risk for meconium aspiration and pneumonia
and respirator distress in the newborn Increased risk for motor and neurological disabilities problems like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and
Hypothermia( poor temperature control) Poor growth and development in infancy
Risks of IUGR
Any pregnancy that is located outside the uterus is called
an ectopic pregnancy Commonest location is the fallopian tube Life threatening for mother unless diagnosed and treated Symptoms – 1. Asymptomatic - no symptoms and the ectopic pregnancy
is detected on routine ultrasound assessment of early pregnancy
2. Sudden severe lower abdominal pain with fainting with missed periods
3. Recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in early pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
Who is at risk Pregnant women Women with previous infections in the pelvis ,
tubal surgeries in the past women with history of infertility ,
endometriosis and those who have taken treatments for infertility
Women with previous ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
Diagnosis – A challenging problem!Step 1. Correct diagnosis of pregnancy by blood pregnancy test called Beta HCGStep 2. Transvaginal Ultrasound of pelvis to check for pregnancy location if beta HCG levels more tha 1500 Step 1 & 2 may need to be repeated
Ectopic pregnancy
Surgical Laparoscopy is the surgical method of choice Allows diagnosis and treatment at the same
time Medical Treatment with
methotrexate(medicine) possible in certain women under supervision
Ectopic Pregnancy - Treatment
Contact us:Triveni Obstetrics & Gynaecology Clinic,
620 Galleria, DLF Phase-IV, Gurgaon.Pin Code 122002
Phone: +91-981-058-38 76, +91-124-257-28 92
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