Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Emerald Ash Borer: An Introduction
David Cappaert, M
ichigan State University, bugw
ood.org
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
What to look for in the trees Varies with Pest Pressure• Tier I: Early infestation
(hard to identify early EAB infestations) • Bark Splitting• Woodpecker foraging
• Tier II: Mid level infestation• Woodpecker foraging• Canopy thinning• Epicormic sprouting
• Tier III: Heavy infestation• Canopy thinning• Woodpecker foraging• Epicormic sprouting
Bugwood.org
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms
• EAB infestations start in the upper part of the tree• EAB likes open grown or edge trees first (generally warmer)• It takes 2-3 years to kill a tree once a large infestation occurs
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms: Bark Splitting
Note the galleries
under the crack
Crack
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms Bark splitting
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms
Woodpecker foraging
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms
Woodpecker foraging
Woodpecker hole
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms
Epicormic, or water sprouting
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms
David Cappaert, Michigan State University, bugwood.org
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Signs & Symptoms: Canopy Thinning
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
So, what can you do?
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Management Options• SLow Ash Mortality = SLAM–Survey• Early Detection– Visual signs and symptoms– Purple traps and girdled trees
–Population reduction• Remove infested trees and destroy EAB• Attractive clusters of girdled trees – Removed and destroyed after egg laying
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Control Options
• Resistance – ID and incorporate genetically into native species
• Biological Control – Parasitoid wasps in culture (Asian and native).
Fungus a possibility. (USDA FS NRS, Biological Control of the Emerald Ash Borer, 2010)
• Silviculture – tried but not successful for control
• Mechanical – chipping to 1 inch in 2 dimensions
• Pesticides– Systemics are the only effective pesticides
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Community Trees: RemoveBased on a small poll of some CNY
communities, the average cost to remove a street tree is $440.– Range of $150 to $1325 per tree
• Size of tree, condition of tree, location of tree, and contractor versus staff all affect price.
– Residential Trees can be even more
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Community Trees: Pesticides• Can kill EAB in an ash
(up to 40% infested) – Do not apply if EAB is more than
10 miles away– Effectiveness varies• Imidacloprid – only non-professional chemical registered• Emamectin benzoate (Tree-age) – most effective• Azadirachtin (TreeAzin) – neem seed product, inconclusive
– Frequency of application (every 1 or 2 years)• EAB may persist in an area for more than 10 years???
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Pesticides• Issues (continued)– Size of Trees – ineffective spread in
crown of old trees• aesthetic considerations – is this the
same tree you intended to save?
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Forests and Wild Trees• Don’t rush, make
CALCULATED DECISIONS
• Identify Your ASSETS
• Develop Response PLANS
• SURVEY regularly for EAB
• Be Prepared to ACT PROMPTLY
•Work with a forester to outline your goals and help you get top dollar for your forest investment. • Start the process now!
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Community Trees
Think of this as your community.
How will the death of all these trees effect your town?
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
How do you decide what to do?
• Evaluate the cost of different treatment or removal scenarios
• Consider the impact of each scenario on the your home, community or landscape
• What are your long term goals for your property?
• What are your community’s long term goals?
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
St. Paul, MN Ash Removal- Minn. Public Radio, Nov 2009
Impact of EAB
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
St. Paul, MN Ash Removal- Minn. Public Radio, Nov 2009
Impact of EAB
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
What can you do to NOW help Ash Trees
• Slow the Spread- Don’t Move Firewood• Serve on an EAB Community Preparedness Planning
committee to make decisions for your community.• Help Conduct Community Tree Inventories• Monitor for EAB• Report Suspicious Sightings
– Local CCE Office http://www.cce.cornell.edu/ – DEC Hotline (866)640-0652– http://beetledetectives.com/
• Collect Ash Tree Seed http://www.nsl.fs.fed.us/geneticconservation_ash.html
• Educate Yourself and Your Friends and Neighbors
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
More Assistance
• CCE New York Invasive Species Information Web Site: www.nyis.info
• Cornell Cooperative Extension: www.cce.cornell.edu
• NYS Department of Environmental Conservation: www.dec.ny.gov
• NYS Agriculture and Markets: www.agmkt.state.ny.us/PI/eab.html
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Thoughtful solutions result in a better outcome.
We may not be able to stop it right now, but we can Slow The Spread
Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borerhttp://nyis.info
Credits
• Presentation prepared by – Rebecca Hargrave, Horticulture and Natural Resources
Extension Educator, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Chenango County, [email protected], and
– Mark Whitmore, Forest Entomologist with Cornell University Department of Natural Resources [email protected]
• Funded through USDA/APHIS and Cornell University
April 4 ,2011