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Prerequisites
What classes do you need to know:Algebra 1GeometryAlgebra 2
Precalculus is the combination of all previous mathematic classes
PREREQUISITE #1 REAL NUMBER
Review: Real Numbers
• Real number: Any number that can be written as a decimal.
• Activity: Match the corresponding vocab to its correct answer– Integers {1,2,3…}– Natural number(counting number) {0,1,2,3…}– Whole number {…-1,0,1…}
Answer:
– Integers {1,2,3…}– Natural number(counting number) {0,1,2,3…}– Whole number {…-1,0,1…}
Review: Real Numbers
• What are the difference rational numbers and irrational numbers?
• Activity: Identify which of these are rational and irrational.– , -12, 1.75, 7.333… , ,
Answer
• Rational Number: number that either terminates or infinitely repeating– , -12, 1.75, 7.333…
• Irrational Number: A number is infinitely nonrepeating– , ,
New!!!
• {} this represent a set. It encloses the elements or objects.
• Example: {0,1,2,3}• Translation: This set includes the solution of
0,1,2,3
Review: Real Number
• Inequality
• Activity: Match the symbol with the answer
• ab a is less than b
• ab a is greater than or equal to b• ab a is less than or equal to b• ab a is greater than b
Answer
• ab a is less than b
• ab a is greater than or equal to b
• ab a is less than or equal to b
• ab a is greater than b
Bounded Interval Example
Unbounded interval
• Graph the following:– (3,
– (-
– [3,
– (-
Properties of AlgebraCommutative property
Addition: a+b=b+aMultiplication: ab=ba
Inverse property
Addition: a+(-a)=0Multiplication: a*=1 , a
Associative property
Addition: (a+b)+c = a+(b+c)Multiplication: (ab)c=a(bc)
Distributive property
a(b+c)=ab+ac a(b-c)=ab-ac (a+b)c = ac+bc (a-b)c = ac-bc
Identity property
Addition: a+0=aMultiplication: a*1=a
Example:
• Expand: (a+5)8
• Simplify: 9p+ap
Answer
• Expand: (a+5)8– 8a+40
• Simplify: 9p+ap– p(9+a)
Exponential Notation
• = a*a*a*a*a…• a = base, n is the exponent
• Example:
– (– =
– Why is this the case?
Activity: Simplifying expressions
Answer
)
Scientific notation• Scientific notation – related to chemistry where it is written
as the product of two factors in the form , where n is an integer and
• Activity: Convert the following into scientific notation or expand them out
– 3.54 x – 1.29 x – 0.000000459– 4,970,000
na 10 101 a
Answer
– 3.54 x 3,540,000,000– 1.29 x 0.00000129– 0.000000459 4.59 x – 4,970,000 4.97 x
Homework Practice
• Pgs 11-12 # 2-44e, 48-54e, 58-64e
PREREQUISITE #2CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
• Given the recent unemployment rate reports in California, describe the trend. What year represent the biggest increase? Decrease? What % can you predict about the future unemployment rate? (Graph it and answer)
Year Unemployment rate2006 4.9%2007 5.4%2008 7.2%2009 11.3%2010 12.4%2011 11.8%2012 10.5%
Answer
• Unemployment rate increasing from year 2006-2010
• Unemployment decreasing from year 2010-2012
• 2008-2009 post the biggest increase• 2011-2012 post the biggest decrease• 10%-12% unemployment rate
• Scatter plot: plotting the (x,y) data pair on a cartesian plane
• The previous question we just did is an example of a scatter plot
What do you need to graph?
• Coordinates– (X,Y), (input, output)– Example (3,-2)
• Things to keep in mind:– Always label!!!
Quick Talk: (30 second)
• What is absolute value?
Answer
• Absolute Value: Always positive, tells distance.
• Magnitude: size or distance
Activity
• l-4l =
• l16-7l=
• l9-27l =
Answer
• 4• 9• 18
Quick talk: How can you find the distance between two places/points?
Answer:
• Measure• Use distance formula
Distance Formula
• Distance Formula: It is derived from the Pythagorean theorem.
D=
Activity:
• Distance between (2,-5) and (-7,3)
• Distance between (-1,-7) and (-6, 8)
Midpoint Formula
• Midpoint Formula: A formula to find the middle of the two points.
M=( )
Activity:
• Find the midpoint between (6,8) and (-4,-10)
• Find the midpoint between (-
Review: Geometry Circle
• Standard form of a circle:
– (h,k) is the center of the circle– r= the radius of the circle
• Example: – (-2,9) is the center– 5 is the radius
Quick talk: How do you find the distance from the center to a point on a circle?
Answer
• By finding the radius
• Use distance formula
Homework Practice
• Pgs 20-22 #5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 21, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 49, 51, 55, 57
PREREQUISITE #3SOLVING LINEAR EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
• How do you know if an equation/inequality is linear?
Answer
• If the highest power or the highest exponent is 1
Linear Equation
• Note: the highest power (exponent) is one
Solving linear equation
• Solve for x
Solve for y
6 𝑦−18
=3+( y4 )
Solving inequality
• Remember solving inequality is like solving an equation.
• There are 3 ways of representing an answer– Example:• X>3
• graphically
Solve
Solve
( 𝑧4 )+( 12 )<( 𝑧5 )−3
Solving a sandwich
• Note: Make 2 separate inequalities
Homework Practice
• Pgs 29-30 #3, 4-10, 17, 19, 25, 27, 39, 45, 51, 53, 55, 57
PREREQUISITE #4LINES IN THE PLANE
Quick Talk: How do you find slope?
Answer
• You find slope by taking the difference of the y divided by the difference of the x
• Formula for finding slope:• or
• ” or “differences”
Activity
• Find slope(-2,5) and (9,0)
• (1,1) and (3,-4)
Important!!
• You can ALWAYS find an equation of a line when you are given 2 points.
• What is the way of finding the equation of the line?
Answer: Point-slope form• Point-slope form
m=slopeA point on the line (
Example:
Slope = -4/3Point on the line = (2,-8)
Slope intercept form
• Slope-intercept form
Example:Y=-3x+8m=-3b=8 y-intercept coordinate= (0,8)
Using calculator
• Graph the following:
1) 2x+3y=6 2)
Quick talk: The difference between parallel and perpendicular lines
Answer
• Parallel Lines– Slopes are the same, but different y-intercept– Example:
• Perpendicular lines– Slopes are opposite reciprocal.– The intersect form 90 degree angle.– Example:–
Solve it with your group raise your hand when your group has an answer
• (3,8) and (4,2)• 1) Give me an equation parallel to those
points
• 2) Give me an equation perpendicular to those points
Answer
• 1) m=-6
• 2) m=1/6
Cracking word problems
1) Know what you are solving for2) Gather facts about the problem3) Identify variables4) Solve
Ultimate problem
• In Mr. Liu’s dream, he purchased a 2014 Nissan GT-R Track Edition for $120,000. The car depreciates on average of $8,000 a year.
1) Write an equation to represent this situation
2) In how many years will the car be worth nothing.
Answer
1) y=price of car, x=yearsy
2) When the car is worth nothing y=0X=15, so in 15 years, the car will be worth nothing.
Ultimate problem do it in your group (based on 2011 study)
• When you graduate from high school, the starting median pay is $33,176. If you pursue a professional degree (usually you have to be in school for 12 years after high school), your starting median pay is $86,580.
• 1) Write an equation of a line relating median income to years in school.
• 2) If you decide to pursue a bachelor’s degree (4 years after high school), what is your potential starting median income?
Answer
• 1) y=median income, x=years in schoolEquation: y= 4450.33x+33176
2) Since x=4, y=50,977.32My potential median income is $50,977.32 after 4 years of school.
Homework Practice
• Pgs 40-42 #1, 5, 9, 13, 19, 23, 27, 35, 37, 43, 45, 53, 57, 59
PREREQUISITE #5SOLVING EQUATIONS GRAPHICALLY, NUMERICALLY AND ALGEBRAICALLY
Quick Talk:How do you know if you have a quadratic?
Answer
• When the highest power or highest exponent is 2
• Example:
What are the different ways of solving quadratic?
• 1) Factor (very important)• 2)Quadratic formula• 3) Completing the square• 4) Graphing using calculator
Solve using factor
2 𝑥2−3 𝑥−2=0
Solve using quadratic equation
• Quadratic equation:
• Solve
Completing the square
• Why is completing the square useful? It is useful because it is in vertex form. It makes it easy to graph.
• Completing the square:
• Example:
Solve by graphing calculator
4 𝑥2+20𝑥+17=0
Those were cake…now for the fun stuff
• In your group, talk about which ways can you use to solve for the following and actually solve them.
Answer
• Graphing calculator
• P/Q way (remainder theorem)
How do you solve for absolute value?
• l2x-7l=10
Homework practice
• Pgs 50 #1-43odd
PREREQUISITE #6COMPLEX NUMBERS
Quick Talk:
• When you use the quadratic formula, you have a radical .
• What if ?
• What if ?
• What if ?
Answer
• 2 real solutions
• 1 real solution
• 2 imaginary solution or 0 real solution
What is imaginary number?• Imaginary number is when you deal with
• Very important to know:
Remember, it is a cycle of 4. It just repeats itself.
Example 1: Find Example 2: Find Example 3: Simplify Example 4: Simplify
Answer
So that means it completed the cycle 14 times, with 2 left over. So the answer is
So that means it completed the cycle 24 times, with 1 left over. So the answer is
Complex number: where real meets imaginary
• part
Remember all algebraic operations are the same!!! It doesn’t change
• Example:
• Example:
Answer
Multiply complex numbers
Answer
Dividing complex number
• Important to note: you can NEVER have the denominator in imaginary form or radical.
• If the denominator is in imaginary form, you have to multiply the numerator and denominator by its conjugate.
Example: if you have the conjugate is
Finding conjugates
Answer
Simplify
• Simplify
Answer
• Since the denominator is the conjugate is You have to multiply the top and bottom by . So the answer is
Simplify
Answer
Homework Practice
• Pgs 57-58 #1-43odd
PREREQUISITE #7SOLVING INEQUALITIES ALGEBRAICALLY AND GRAPHICALLY
Solve (show all types of answers)
|𝑥−8|>18
Solve (show all types of answers)
|2 𝑥−9|≤15
Solve (show all types of answers)
2 𝑥2+7 𝑥−15≥0
Solve (show all types of answers)
2 𝑥2+3 𝑥<20
Solve (show all types of answers)
𝑥2+2𝑥+2<0
Solve (show all types of answers)
𝑥3+2𝑥2−1≥0
Homework Practice
• Pgs 64 #1-29 odd, 33, 37