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Present and Future of the Arecibo Observatory
InstrumentationLuis A. Quintero
Cornell University / NAICNational Astronomy and Inonosphere Center
CASPER 2010 Workshop17 August 2010
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Outline
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
• The Arecibo Observatory• Backends at the Arecibo Observatory
- Interim Correlator - WAPP- Mock Spectrometer - Galspect- VLBA Mark4 & Mark5B (continuum)- Radar Interface (continuum)
• Future Backends- rDBE & Mark5C- Arecibo GUPPI- ROACH Based Radar Interface
• Questions
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Arecibo Observatory
305m
It is part of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) at Cornell University and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF)
~100m~80m
~900Ton
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Transmitters & Receivers
Goldsmith, P. et al. “Multi-feed Systems for the Arecibo Gregorian”, ASP, 1995
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Transmitter – 430 MHz
2 x klystrons for 2MW of pulsed powerAeronomy: Incoherent Ionosphere scattering
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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430MHz Radar - Ionosphere
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Moonhttp://www.naic.edu
Venushttp://www.naic.edu
SaturnRings
http://www.naic.edu
Transmitter – S-band 2380MHz
2 x klystrons for 1MW CW power
Ganesan, R. “Telescope Electronics”, May 2006
Asteroidshttp://www.naic.edu
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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2380MHz Planetary Radar
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Backends at the Arecibo Observatory
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
Spectrometers• Interim Correlator• WAPP• Galspect• Mock Spectrometer
Continuum Observations• VLBA Mark4 & Mark5B• Radar Interface (continuum)
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Interim Correlator
50MHz BW – ASIC Correlator ChipJon Hagen (NAIC), John Canaris (U. New Mexico / NASA SERC - Space Engineering Research Center)
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Wideband Arecibo Pulsar Processors (WAPP)
• 4 WAPPs• 1 WAPP = 2 IF Channels
2 Correlators1 Multiplexer
• 50/100 MHz BW• auto / crosscorrelations• Step attenuators• Technical issues:
Difficult to troubleshootObsolete parts
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Wideband Arecibo Pulsar Processors (WAPP)
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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WAPPs Corralators (~1995)
High Performance CMOS Correlator Chip (ASIC)
• 16 Chips per board • Autocorrelation / Crosscorrelation
• 1024 Lags / chip• 100MSPS each• “Low Power”• TTL compatible
http://www.naic.edu/~astro/general_info/correlator/cmos.html
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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GALFA Spec, / GALSPECT (~2004)
• Backend built by UCB for theArecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFA) multibeam receiver • 7 beams, dual polarization• Outputs*:
Narrrowband: 8192channels, 7MHz BW
Wideband: 512 channels,100MHz BW
* http://seti.ssl.berkeley.edu/galfa/
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Mock Spect. / PDEV (~2007)
Digital BoardDigitizers
Designed and developed by Jeff Mock• 8 x AD9430, 12bits ADCs• 2 x Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA• 2 QDR Mem, 2M x 36• 1x PowerPC Processor• Flash & SRAM mems• 2 x 1GbE, 2 x RS232• 5 x SMA (clk, PPS, etc)• LCD 128x64 pixels
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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PDEV – Digitizers / Programming
Digitizers:• 2 Digitizers / PDEV • 4 x AD9430 / Digitizer• ADC 12bits, 170MSPS
Programming:• Linux kernel v2.6.15• VHDL/Verilog (FPGAs)• C/C++, Perl (client/server)
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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PDEV – Architecture
ADCADCADCADC GX2VP70
PPC440GX
GX2VP70
QDR2Mx36
QDR2Mx36
2 x GbE
2 x RS232
4 x SMA
Flash /SRAM
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
ADCADCADCADC
PCIe x8MGT
PCIe x8MGT
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PDEV – Mock Spectrometer
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
PFB
/FFT
16-
8k
ADC0
ADC0
ADC0
ADC0
GA
IN/O
FFS
ET
SW
ITC
H
TEST SIGNAL
12
12
12
12 DD
C (D
DS
, LP
F)
STO
KE
S
AC
CU
MU
LATO
R
PAC
KE
TIZE
CONFIGURATION REGISTERS
PR
OC
. IN
T.
CW, Noise,CW + Noise
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EALFA / PALFA Backend
14 PDEVs*
7 for 7 ALFA pixels (primary)7 for 7 ALFA pixels (commensal)
14 File servers (4TB)We own in total 24 PDEVs
DDC (DDS, Mixer, DLPF)PFB (up to 8192 channels)Stokes parametersAccumulation, Packing* http://www.naic.edu/~phil/talks/vc09/tel_Perf_datatking_09.ppt
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Other PDEV Projects
Aeronomy:• Tamara Hall (consultant)
S-Band Radar (Planetary Datataking):• Doppler correction, DDC
Single pixel baseband sampling (Phil Perillat)
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Our Experience with Tools
• Summer 2009 we received: ADC2x1000-8 &iBOB, Dan Werthimer• Summer 2009, Andrew Siemion, tricks!• Summer 2010, Jayanth Chennamangalam, WVU. Histogrammer, 10GbE.
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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VLBA Mark IV & Mark5A
VLBI – Very Large Baseline Interferometry
Data Recorders
•Mark IV Data Acquisition Terminal (AO, 90s)• Mark5A Recorder
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Radar Interface (80s & 90s)
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
• Triggered by external signals •4xADC, 12bits, 10MHz• 24x8k FIFO• Computer control via 5MHz serial lines• Bit selection
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Future Backends
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
• 2 x (rDBE & Mark5C) / 305m & 12m antennas
• Arecibo GUPPI
• ROACH Based Radar Interface
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RDBE - Haystack/NRAO (2010)
ROACH Digital Backend• Polyphase-Filter-Bank (PFB)• Emulate several VLBA BBCs on a ROACH board (VDBE)
CASPER 2010 TalksRuss McWhirter, Haystack, Haystack/NRAO
Digital Backend on the ROACH PlatformKeith Morris, NRAO, RDBE Implementation for
VLBAWed, Aug 18, 2010
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Phase Reference Antenna
Patriot Antenna Systems - 12m Aperture S/X receivers for geodesy : 2.25GHz (S-band), 8.5GHz (X-band); wideband VLBI2010 Rx in the future
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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RDBE Connected to the Telescopes
IF/LO IF/LO
rDBE
Mark5C
rDBE
Mark5C
Hydrogen Maser
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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Arecibo GUPPI
GUPPI: Green Bank Ultimate Pulsar Processing Instrument• Coherent de-dispersion mode
CASPER 2010 Talk, Paul Demorest, Pulsar Science with GUPPI, Thu, Aug 19, 2010, 9:30a.m.
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
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ROACH Based Radar Interface
CASPER 2010 WorkshopAugust 17, 2010
• Baseband Converter, I/Q with Doppler Correction, 2.5hours
• 25MHz (50MHz) maximum continuous bandwidth for two IF channels (polA/polB)
• DDS/Clock drifting • Programmable digital filters• Bit selection, max 8bits (12bits)
ADC2x1000-8, v1.1, 8bit, 2x1GspsROACH I, Virtex 5
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Questions?