Transcript
Page 1: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Tense Structures Present Simple Present Continuous

Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation

/s/, /z/, and /iz/

Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Page 2: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

4a Adventurers of the year

Reading

1 Read the article. Complete the diagram with the phrases (1–6).

Edurne Pasaban Steven Shoppman

1. born in the USA 4. is famous

2. travelled round the world 5. finished the adventure

3. qualified in engineering 6. loves adventure

both

Page 3: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Grammar Past Simple

โครงสรางของประโยค

บอกเลา (Affirmative) S + V.2

ปฏเสธ (Negative) S + did + not + V.inf

คำถาม (Interrogative) Did + S + V.inf?

ADVENTURE of the YEAR

EVERY YEAR, READERS OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE VOTE FOR THEIR ADVENTURERS OF THE YEAR. HERE ARE TWO OF THEM.

THE MOUNTAINEER

THE ROAD TRIPPERS

As a child, Edurne Pasaban lived in the mountainous Basque region of Spain and

she climbed her first mountain when she was fourteen. At university, she studied

engineering but she didn't want a nine-to-five job. In May 2010 she finished her

biggest challenge, to climb the world's fourteen tallest mountains. Nowadays she

is famous for her many climbing achievements, However, she didn't climb in order

to become famous. She says, 'For me, adventure is a way of life.'

Steven Shoppman and Stephen Bouey were old friends who grew up together in

Denver. But they knew each other a lot better after their adventure. They both

had an ambition to go on a road trip round the world. From 2007 to 2010, they

drove through 69 different countries during their 122,000-kilometre journey and had

many adventures. They took a big risk when they went across a minefield (see

photo). They also got help from lots of people and they found that the world

wasn't as dangerous as they thought!

Page 4: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Grammar Note

เดมทใน Present Simple ถาเราเจอ V.to be เรามกใช is, am, หรอ are

แตหากเปนใน Past Simple เราจะใช was หรอ were แทน

Examples:

Present Simple She is my assistant.

Past Simple She was my assistant 3 years ago.

Present Simple You are the apple of my eyes.

Past Simple You were my boyfriend.

Use of Past Simple

1. เราใช Past Simple กบเรองราวทจบลงแลวในอดต (Completed Actions/Events)

Examples: I graduated from the university 2 years ago.

Last night, you were in my room.

Did we go to the same university?

My supervisor left so early this afternoon.

I simply forgot about the meeting this morning.

2. Past Simple สามารถนำมาใชกบเหตการณทเปนเรองจรงในอดตได

Examples: Ayutthaya was the capital city of Thailand.

Lu bu was dubbed as the flying General.

Obama was the president of the U.S.A.

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Grammar Note

โดยปกตแลว Past Simple มกม Adverb ทนยมใชดวยดงน

Adverb of Time (บอกเวลา)

last … (…ทแลว) yesterday (เมอวานน)

this morning (เมอเชาน) … ago (…ทแลว)

previous … (…ทแลว) previously (กอนหนาน)

in the past (ในอดต) once (ครงหนง)

in the old days (ในวนเกา) in + ป (เมอป...)

Past Simple in Negative Sentences

โครงสราง: S + did + not + V.infinitive

1. หลง did ตองตามดวยกรยาไมผนรป (V. infinitive = Base form)

Examples: He didn’t come to the party last night.

We didn’t have the meeting yesterday.

Troy did not receive a promotion last year.

I

you

we

they

slept

walked

were

had

he

she, it

drove

died

Affirmative Negative

I

you

we

they

he

she, it

didn't

(did not)

didn't

(did not)

sleep

walk

be

have

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Past Simple in Interrogative Sentences

did + S + V. infinitive?

What

Where

How often

When

Why

did

did

did

did

Did

were

you

she

Andy

it

you

you

do

go?

meet

happen?

prepare

so late

last night?

Sarah?

for the meeting?

this morning?

Examples: Why didn’t you come to the party last night?

Did you have breakfast?

When did Henry meet Jane?

Did the auditor submit her report?

1. ถาประโยคคำถามขนดวย Question words มกตอบเปนคำตอบเฉพาะ แตหาก

ขนตนดวย Did มกตอบเปน Yes/No

Examples: Did you prepare for the morning session?

Yes, I did.

Why did Sarah decide to quit her job?

She felt uncomfortable with her colleagues.

5 Find the past tense form of these irregular verbs in The road trippers section

of the article in Exercise 1.

1. be was / were 6. grow up

2. drive 7. have

3. find 8. know

4. get 9. take

5. go 10. think

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6 Complete the text about another adventurer with the past simple form

of the verbs.

THE PHOTOGRAPHER

Reza was born (be born) in Tabriz, Iran, in 1952. He …………...(study)

architecture at the university in Tehran but he ……………. (not/become) an

architect. When he was a teenager, Reza …………...(love) photography and,

after university, he …………...(get) a job with a local newspaper as a

photographer. But he …………... (not/ want) to take photos of local news and

in 1978 he ……………. (go) abroad and he …………. (take) photos of wars.

Nowadays he works for National Geographic magazine.

4b The survivors

Vocabulary and Speaking: Personal Qualities

2 Read the sentences and comments (1-8) about this kind of expedition.

What kind of personal quality does each describe? Match these adjectives

to the sentences.

ambitious careful decisive determined

experienced intelligent patient reliable

1 ‘The leader of our team has climbed in the Himalayas many times before

in his thirty years as a mountaineer.'

2 'Whatever the risk, we always achieved our goal. Nothing stopped us.'

3 'Even as a child, I wanted to be the best at everything.’

4 'It's important to plan before any expedition.'

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5 'When the weather is really bad, you have to wait. There's no point in

taking stupid risks.'

6 'Everyone in the team always has to be there for each other. You won't

survive without each other's help and support.'

7 'He has a quick brain and you need that for this kind of expedition.'

8 'The leader is the person who makes the final decision and everyone has

to agree.'

Grammar Past Continuous

โครงสรางของประโยค

บอกเลา (Affirmative) S + was, were + V.ing

ปฏเสธ (Negative) S + was, were + not + V.ing

คำถาม (Interrogative) Was, Were + S + V.ing?

Past Continuous in Affirmative and Negative Sentences

Examples:

Paul was swimming in the pool.

He was talking on the phone.

You were reading the book.

1. Past Continuous ใชกบเหตการณทกระทำอย ณ ขณะนนหรอเจาะจงเวลาในอดต

(Specific time in the past)

Affirmative & Negative

I

you

we they

he

she

it

was (not)

were (not)

was (not)

crying

smiling

(V.ing)

Page 9: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Examples: At 5:30 p.m. Zack was watching the TV at my house.

At 8:30 p.m. she was having dinner at the restaurant.

We were having an altercation when Tony came.

When I arrived, John was sleeping on the couch.

2. เราใช Past Continuous คกบ Past Simple เมอเหตการณหนงดำเนนอยในอดต

และอกเหตการณหนงเขาแทรก (PC เกด PS เสอก)

Past Continuous

Past Simple

Examples: While I was changing the light bulbs, the accident occurred.

The suspect was taking a bath when the police came.

While our relationship was deteriorating, he came to you.

3. เราสามารถใช Past Continuous คกบ Past Continuous เมอทงสองเหตการณนน

เกดขนพรอมๆ กน (PC เกดพรอม PC) **while, as มกนำมาใช

Past Continuous1

Past Continuous2

Examples: While my father was cooking, my mother was sleeping.

He was studying for his final examination as you were

drinking alcohol.

Andy was climbing the tree while Sarah was swimming.

Past Continuous in Interrogative Sentences

was, were + S + V. ing?

What

Who

were

was

Were

Was

you

Jane

the kids

she

doing?

talking

sleeping

cooking

when …?

to when …?

?

while …?

Page 10: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Examples: What were you doing when she came?

Who was Sarah dating with that time?

Were you doing your work?

Were you there when she came?

Grammar Note

Past Simple VS Past Continuous

PC เกดพรอม PC (เกดพรอมกน)

While the government was launching the new campaign,

เหตการณจบลงแลวโดยสมบรณ

Keywords: yesterday, ago, last

เจาะจงเวลาทเกดขน (ในอดต)

PC เกด PS เสอก

He broke up with me 3 days ago.

Last night you were in my room.

At 5:30 PM she was working out with me.

I was sleeping when my brother broke his mobile phone.

many citizens were opposing an execution.

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8 Look at the grammar box. Then choose the correct options to complete

the true life survival stories.

life SURVIVAL STORIES! The sun shone / was shining when Bethany Hamilton arrived at the beach

on a beautiful morning in Hawaii. But hours later, the young teenager surfed

/ was surfing out at sea when a shark attacked her and she lost her left

arm. Amazingly, Bethany swam / was swimming back to the beach with

one arm and, as she was swimming, she told other surfers to get out of the

water.

While Steven and Rachel Carlson sailed / were sailing around the Canary

Islands, their boat sank. They didn't have / weren't having much food and

water but after 31 days at sea they still survived.

It was a normal afternoon at Denver airport but as Flight 455 was taking

off, passengers saw / was seeing a fire from the window. Immediately, the

plane's captain realized that the engines didn't work / weren't working and

radioed for help. While passengers ran/were running towards the front exits,

Maria Garza pulled her daughter through the window exit next to the wing.

Personal Qualities

ABILITY BEHAVIOUR MATURITY PERSONALITY ATTITUDE

outstanding

excellent

helpful

considerate

confidential

mature

well developed

all-round

positive

enthusiastic

Vocabulary

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very good

good

well-

behaved

responsible

careful

patient

reliable

sensible

self-motivated

experienced

V.be interested in

everything

eager

motivated

keen

ambitious

decisive

determined

able

average

inconsistent

poor

weak

thoughtless

inconsiderate

disruptive

naughty

problematic

selfish

shy

childish

immature

lacks

confidence

one-sided

uneven

lacks curiosity

V.be dependent on

others

unmotivated

passive

lazy

Examples: She is very reliable.

This information is confidential.

Robert is selfish.

My colleagues are extremely enthusiastic.

His performance is outstanding this year.

Negative Prefixes

ขนตนแลวเปนลบ/ปฏเสธ

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย a- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย พยญชนะทวไป

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affirmative negative

political

sexual

theist

apolitical

asexual

atheist

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย dis- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย สระหรอพยญชนะทวไป

affirmative negative

agree

comfort

mount

orient

disagree

discomfort

dismount

disorient

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย il- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย l

affirmative negative

legal

legible

literate

logical

illegal

illegible

illiterate

illogical

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย im- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย m หรอ p

affirmative negative

mobile

moral

immobile

immoral

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perfect

possible

imperfect

impossible

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย in- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย สระ (ยกเวน i หรอ u) หรอ

พยญชนะ

affirmative negative

accurate

eligible

Organic

decent

sane

inaccurate

ineligible

inorganic

indecent

insane

Special Note

โปรดระวงวา มหลายคำมากทขนตนดวย in- แตไมไดมความหมายเปนเชงปฏเสธ

word does not mean ความหมาย

incline

indulge

insist

invoke

not cline

not dulge

not sist

not voke

มแนวโนม

ดมดำ

ยนกราน

อทธรณ, ขอรอง

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย ir- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย r

affirmative negative

rational

reconcilable

irrational

irreconcilable

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regular

resistible

irregular

irresistible

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย non- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย สระ หรอ พยญชนะทวไป

affirmative negative

conformist

essential

fiction

sense

nonconformist

nonessential

nonfiction

nonsense

• คำทสามารถเตมดวย un- ขนตน มกเปนคำทขนตนดวย สระ หรอ พยญชนะทวไป

affirmative negative

able

interesting

usual

comfortable

helpful

prepared

unable

uninteresting

unusual

uncomfortable

unhelpful

unprepared

Page 16: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Geographical Features

Summit (n.) ยอดเขา

Glacier (n.) ธารนำแขง

Mountain (n.) ภเขา

Ridge (n.) สนเขา

Crevasse (n.) รอยแยก

Cave (n.) ถำ

Cliff (n.) หนาผา

Volcano (n.) ภเขาไฟ

Hill (n.) เนนเขา

Lake (n.) ทะเลสาป Ocean (n.) มหาสมทร

Harbor (n.) อาว

Island (n.) เกาะ

4c The right decision?

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Prepositions for time expressions

ป, เดอน, ฤดกาล, ชวงเวลานาน

วนท, วน

เวลาทเฉพาะเจาะจง

- IN -

• “in” มกถกใชกบชวงหรอระยะเวลา เชน ฤดกาล เดอน หรอ ระยะเวลายาวนาน

Examples: I was born in 1986.

He’ll visit them in October.

The ski resort is closed in summer.

He grew up in the seventies. (between 1970 and 1980)

It happened in the 16th century.

Don’t worry, it all happened in the past.

• นอกจากน เรายงสามารถใชกบชวงเวลาในระหวางวนได

Examples: They’re leaving in the evening.

The baby sleeps in the afternoon.

I work most productively in the morning.

• เรายงสามารถใช “in” เพออธบายจำนวนเวลาทตองการในการทำบางสงได

Examples: They managed to complete the job in two weeks.

You can drive around the island in a day.

I’ll be ready in five minutes.

He’s gone away but he’ll be back in a couple of days.

You can collect your parcel in a week.

It’s too hot to go out in the middle of the day.

in

on

at

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- ON -

• เราสามารถใช “on” สำหรบวนตางๆ ในสปดาหได

Examples: She’s working on Monday.

She usually works on Mondays.

We’re going to the theatre on Wednesday evening.

Let’s have a coffee on Friday morning.

It’s his birthday on Saturday.

• “on” สามารถใชกบวนทไดอกดวย

Examples: The interview is on the 29th of April.

He was born on February 14th.

It’s also used with special days.

She was born on Valentine’s Day.

We’re moving house on Christmas Eve.

I have an exam on my birthday.

• ขอควรระวง! เราสามารถใช “at” ถาหากวาเรากำลงพดถงเทศกาล หรอชวงเวลาพเศษ

Example: Are you going home at Christmas?

• แตถาหากวาเราหมายถงวน อยางเฉพาะเจาะจง (ถาม day มกใช “on”)

Example: What are you doing on New Year’s Day?

- AT -

• เราใช “at” สำหรบระยะเวลาทเจาะจง

Example: Clock time

The train arrives at 3:30.

The party starts at midnight.

The meeting will finish at 5:30.

I’ll be there at noon or at midday / at dawn / at dusk.

Specific times of the day

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He doesn’t like driving at night.

I’m going shopping at lunchtime.

I read my daughter a story at bedtime.

Let’s talk about it at dinner (time) tonight.

โปรดระวง! ถาหากเปนชวงเวลาเชน morning, afternoon, evening and night.

เราใช “at night” แตทเหลอเราจะใช “in the morning” “in the afternoon” “in the

evening”

Vocabulary in, on or at for time expressions

7 Look at these time expressions from the story. Then complete the rules (1-

4) with in, on or at.

in May 1985 on Day 1 three days later at the last

second at four o'clock in the afternoon

in the middle of that night in 1988

1. We use …….. with months, years, seasons, decades, centuries and parts

of the day.

2. We use …….. with days, dates and special days such as her birthday,

New Year's Day.

3. We use …….. with times and special expressions such as night, the

weekend, the final moment.

4. We don't use …… , …… or ………. with time expressions such as

yesterday, last week, two days later.

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In May 1985 two climbers, Joe Simpson and Simon Yates, left their base camp by a lake and

started climbing the north face of a mountain called Siula Grande in the Peruvian Andes. This

climb was incredibly dangerous but the two men were experienced climbers and physically fit. On

Day 1, the weather was good and the climb began well. At night they made a snow cave and

slept on the side of the mountain.

Three days later, after some very difficult climbing and bad weather, the two men stood at the

summit. Unfortunately, the weather was getting worse so they didn't stay long. As they were going

down a mountain ridge, a disaster happened. Simpson fell and broke his knee. Quickly, Yates tied

a rope to himself and then to his friend. He began lowering Simpson down the mountain and, for

hours and hours, Yates helped Simpson get down the mountain. They were getting close to the

glacier at the bottom of the mountain but suddenly Simpson slipped. This time he went over the

edge of a cliff. He was hanging in mid-air. Simpson shouted up to Yates, but the wind was blowing

loudly and Yates couldn't hear him.

Yates didn't know what was happening below. He waited for an hour but the rope was too heavy

and it was pulling Yates down the mountain towards the cliff. He had two choices: hold the rope

but then both of them might die, or cut the rope and survive. It was an impossible decision for

Yates but, at the last second, Yates cut the rope and saved himself. Immediately, Simpson fell

thirty metres into a crevasse.

The next day, while Yates was desperately looking for Simpson, he found the crevasse. He ca lled

for Simpson but he heard nothing. Sadly, he decided that Simpson was dead. Yates didn't know

it but Simpson was - unbelievably - still alive inside the crevasse.

Simpson waited for hours but when he realised Yates wasn't coming, he decided to take a risk.

He had some rope so he abseiled to the bottom of the crevasse. He managed to find a way out.

For three days, Simpson drank water from the snow and ice. He crawled back towards the base

camp and at four o'clock in the afternoon of Day 7, Simpson was very near.

In the middle of that night, Yates was sleeping in his tent at base camp when he woke up. He

was sure someone was shouting his name. Excitedly, he ran outside and looked around. Finally,

after searching and searching he found Simpson. He was lying on the ground, not moving, but he

was still breathing.

After a few days, the two men returned home and their story became famous. Unfairly, some

climbers criticised Yates for cutting the rope. But, in 1988, Simpson wrote a book about the events

and defended Yates. Simpson believed Yates made the right decision.

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BOYS SURVIVE 50 DAY LOST AT SEA

It's an amazing story and it's true! Fifty days ago, three teenage boys suddenly disappeared from the island of Atafu in a small boat. Immediately, rescue boats went to look for them but sadly there was no sign of their boat. Eventually, a fishing boat in the middle of the Pacific Ocean safely pulled them from the sea. The boys were badly sunburned and dehydrated but doctors said they were in surprisingly good health. Now, they are back happily with their families.

-ly Adverb

1. เรามกใช adverb ในการขยายประโยค

Ex. Normally, Andy pushes himself first.

2. เราสามารถใชในการขยายกรยาได

Ex. He quietly asked me for help this morning.

He asked me for help this morning quietly.

3. เราสามารถใชในการขยาย Adjective

Ex. The three survivors were amazingly healthy.

5 Make these sentences from short stories more interesting using the adverbs.

1. The climb was dangerous. (incredibly)

The climb was incredibly dangerous.

2. The sun was shining. (brightly)

3. The man jumped into the car. (quickly)

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4. They were nearly at the top of the mountain but one of them slipped.

(suddenly)

5. It started raining. Gill had an umbrella. (fortunately)

6. The Amazon river was long and they were lost for days. (amazingly)

7. They walked back and looked into each other's eyes. (slowly)

8. They were lost in the forest for hours but they found the road again. (eventually)

climb (v.) ปน climber (n.) นกปนเขา

crampons (n.) ปลายแหลมรองเทาปนเขา doubtful (adj.) ไมแนใจ

glacier (n.) ธารนำแขง guide (n.) มคคเทศก

heel (n.) สนเทา hike (n.) เดนในปา

rope (n.) เชอก stable (adj.) มนคง

unsafe (adj.) ไมปลอดภย weather (n.) อากาศ

UNIT 4 REVIEW Grammar 2 Read about two adventurers and check your ideas in Exercise 1. Then complete the text with the past simple form of the verbs.

Steve O'Meara …………...(meet) Donna in Boston in 1986. On their second date, Steve

…………...(take) Donna in a helicopter to Hawaii. That sounds romantic but they …………...

(not/fly) to a beach. They …………...(go) to the Kilauea volcano. A year later, they

…………...(visit) to the volcano again and this time they“. …………... (get) married on the

volcano. It? …………...(not/be) only for romantic reasons. Steve and Donna both

…………...(become) volcanologists and they …………...(travel) all over the world to study

volcanoes. But they really …………... (want) to spend more time by the Kilauea volcano

and some years later they" …………...(buy) a house there. Donna explains why: 'This

volcano can still kill you but for me to live on the volcano is exciting every day’.

Page 23: Present Simple Present Continuous Simple Collocation · Present Simple Present Continuous Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation /s/, /z/, and /iz/ Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Vocabulary 4 Choose the correct option (a-c) to complete the sentences.

1. My biggest ……….. at school was passing my mathematics exam. I got an A grade

in the end!

a. achievement b. challenge c. decision

2. Don't get angry when things don't happen as fast as you'd like. Learn to be ………..

a. patient b. reliable c. experienced

3 Probably the most ………..person in history was Albert Einstein. He had an amazing brain.

a. ambitious b. careful c. intelligent

4. You dropped water everywhere. Please try to be more ………..!

a. ambitious b. careful c. determined


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