Download - Presentation1
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A brief statement which expresses an observation on life, usually intended as a wise observation.
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Aphorism
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a noun or noun substitute placed next to
(in apposition to) another noun to be
described or defined
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Appositive
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An elaborate, usually intellectually ingenious poetic comparison or
image, such as an analogy or metaphor in which, say a beloved is
compared to a ship, planet, etc. The
comparison may be brief or extended.
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Conceit
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a poem that celebrates, in a continuous narrative, the
achievements of mighty heroes and heroines, usually in founding a
nation or developing a culture, and uses
elevated language and a grand, high style.
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Epic
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that part of the structure that sets the scene,
introduces and identifies characters, and
establishes the situation at the beginning of a
story or play. Additional exposition is often
scattered throughout the story.
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Exposition
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also called a Shakespearean sonnet; a sonnet form that divides the poem into three units of four lines each and a final unit of two lines
(4;PL4;PL4;PL2 structure). Its classic rhyme scheme is abab
cdcd efef gg,
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English sonnet
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the special language of a profession or group
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Jargon
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is grammatically correct before the period (Fair is
my love, and cruel as she’s fair.)
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Loose Sentence
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A crude, coarse, often bitter satire ridiculing
the personal appearance or character of a person.
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Lampoon
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a figure of speech which substitutes one term with
another that is being associated with that
term. A name transfer takes place to
demonstrate an association of a whole to a part or how two things are associated in some
way.
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Metonymy
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a word capturing or approximating the sound
of what it describes
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Onomatopoeia
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A repetition of sentences using the same structure.
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Parallel Structure
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is the use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or
clause, creating a feeling of multiplicity, energetic
enumeration, and building up
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Polysyndeton
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a section of a poem demarcated by extra line
spacing
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Stanza
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One sensory experience described in terms of
another sensory experience
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Synesthesia
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The writer's attitude toward his readers and
his subject
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Tone
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A statement which lessens or minimizes the
importance of what is meant. The opposite is
hyperbole
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Understatement
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the way words are put together to form phrases,
clauses, and sentences
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Syntax
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A figure of speech wherein a part of
something represents the whole thing.
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Synecdoche
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a literary work that holds up human failings to ridicule and censure
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Satire
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treating an abstraction as if it were a person by
endowing it with humanlike qualities
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Personification (or
prosopopeia)
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A play on words wherein a word is used to convey
two meanings at the same time
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Pun
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a sentence grammatically correct only at the end
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Periodic Sentence
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A situation or a statement that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, does
not
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Paradox
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A poem in praise of something divine or
expressing some noble idea
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Ode
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A regular pattern of unstressed and stressed
syllables in a line or lines of poetry
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Meter
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a recurrent device, formula, or situation
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Motif
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The atmosphere or feeling created by a
literary work, partly by a description of the objects
or by the style of the descriptions
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Mood
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a sonnet form that divides the poem into one section of eight lines and
a second section of six lines, usually following the abbaabba cdecde
rhyme scheme
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Italian sonnet
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A character who sets off the main character or other characters by
comparison
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Foil
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a fictional character, often but not always a
minor character, who is relatively simple, who is presented as having few,
though sometimes dominant, traits, and who
thus does not change much in the course of a
story
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Flat character
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usually a formal lament on the death of a particular person
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Elegy
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a monologue that reveals a character’s innermost
thoughts and feelings set in a specific situation and spoken to an imaginary
audience
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Dramatic monologue
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a pleasant combination of sounds
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Euphony
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A mild word of phrase which substitutes for
another which would be undesirable because it is too direct, unpleasant, or
offensive
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Euphemism
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In literature, a word of phrase preceding or
following a name which serves to describe the
character
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Epithet
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A novel consisting of letters written by a character or several
characters
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Epistolary novel
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“the god from the machine” who usually
appears at the last moment to untangle,
resolves, or reveals some key to the plot
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Deux ex machine
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a very short, usually witty verse with a quick turn at
the end
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Epigram
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when a sentence or thought runs into the next couplet or line
without a pause at the end of the line; a run-on
line.
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Enjambment
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a direct and specific meaning
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Denotation
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might be called "reverse parallelism," since the
second part of a grammatical
construction is balanced or paralleled by the first
part, only in reverse order
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Chiasmus
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A pause metrical or rhetorical, within a line of poetry which may or
may not affect the metrical count
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Caesura
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consists of unrhymed lines in iambic
pentameter
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Blank verse
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an unpleasant combination of sounds
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Cacophony
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the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers
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Antecedent
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the repetition of the same word or words at
the beginning of successive phrases,
clauses, or sentences
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Anaphora
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compares two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose
of explaining or clarifying some
unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar
one
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Analogy
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a reference—whether explicit or implied, to
history, the Bible, myth, literature, painting,
music, and so on--that suggests the meaning or generalized implication of details in the story,
poem, or play
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Allusion
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A figurative work in which a surface narrative
carries a secondary, symbolic or metaphorical
meaning
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Allegory
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A figure of speech wherein the speaker speaks directly to an
absent or dead person or to something nonhuman.
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Apostrophe